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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
806 questions in 76 reviews · ENT
current versionsNo studies 293 · 36.4%Ungraded 6 · 0.7%Very low 244 · 30.3%Low 170 · 21.1%Moderate 85 · 10.5%High 8 · 1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Sinonasal debridement vs no debridement Adhesion rate · adult patients who underwent primary endoscopic sinus surgery, with a diagnosis of recurrent acute or chronic… Sinonasal debridement versus no debridement for the postoperative care of patients undergoing endoscopic… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.43 [0.28, 0.68] | 4 studies · 152 participants | Low |
Sinonasal debridement vs no debridement Rate of revision surgeries · adult patients who underwent primary endoscopic sinus surgery, with a diagnosis of recurrent acute or chronic… Sinonasal debridement versus no debridement for the postoperative care of patients undergoing endoscopic… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Grommets vs active monitoring Proportion of patients who have no AOM recurrences at 6 months post‐randomisation Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 9.49 [2.38, 37.8] | 1 study · 95 participants | Low |
Grommets vs placebo medication Significant adverse effect: a tympanic membrane perforation persisting for 3 months or longer Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 76 participants | Low |
Grommets vs placebo medication Total number of AOM recurrences at 6 months post‐randomisation Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Grommets vs active monitoring Significant adverse effect: a tympanic membrane perforation persisting for 3 months or longer Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 54 participants | Low |
Grommets vs active monitoring Proportion of patients who have no AOM recurrences at 12 months post‐randomisation Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [1, 1.99] | 1 study · 200 participants | Low |
Grommets vs active monitoring Total number of AOM recurrences at 6 months post‐randomisation Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 95 participants | Low |
Grommets vs active monitoring Total number of AOM recurrences at 12 months post‐randomisation Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 200 participants | Low |
Grommets vs active monitoring Disease‐specific health‐related quality of life of the child at 4 and 12 months post‐randomisation using the OM‐6 questionnaire Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 85 participants | Low |
Grommets vs antibiotic prophylaxis Proportion of patients who have no AOM recurrences at 6 months post‐randomisation Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.68 [1.07, 2.65] | 2 studies · 96 participants | Very low |
Grommets vs antibiotic prophylaxis Total number of AOM recurrences at 6 months post‐randomisation Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 43 participants | Very low |
Grommets vs placebo medication Proportion of patients who have no AOM recurrences at 6 months post‐randomisation Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.64 [1.2, 11.04] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Local anaesthetic injection vs no treatment/placebo Pain intensity at 12 hours postoperatively ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local anaesthetic application via nasal packing vs no packing/packing with placebo Pain intensity at 48 hours postoperatively ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local anaesthetic application via nasal packing vs no packing/packing with placebo Requirement for additional analgesia · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | OR 0.15 [0.07, 0.34] | 2 studies · 151 participants | Moderate |
Local anaesthetic application via nasal packing vs no packing/packing with placebo Duration of hospitalisation ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local anaesthetic application via nasal packing vs no packing/packing with placebo Adverse effect (postoperative vomiting) ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local anaesthetic application via nasal packing vs no packing/packing with placebo Adverse effect (postoperative bleeding) ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sphenopalatine ganglion block vs no treatment/placebo Pain intensity at 12 hours postoperatively ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sphenopalatine ganglion block vs no treatment/placebo Pain intensity at 24 hours postoperatively ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sphenopalatine ganglion block vs no treatment/placebo Pain intensity at 48 hours postoperatively ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sphenopalatine ganglion block vs no treatment/placebo Requirement for additional analgesia · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sphenopalatine ganglion block vs no treatment/placebo Duration of hospitalisation ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local anaesthetic injection vs no treatment/placebo Pain intensity at 24 hours postoperatively ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sphenopalatine ganglion block vs no treatment/placebo Adverse effect (postoperative vomiting) ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sphenopalatine ganglion block vs no treatment/placebo Adverse effect (postoperative bleeding) ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local anaesthetic injection vs no treatment/placebo Pain intensity at 48 hours postoperatively ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local anaesthetic injection vs no treatment/placebo Requirement for additional analgesia · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local anaesthetic injection vs no treatment/placebo Duration of hospitalisation ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local anaesthetic injection vs no treatment/placebo Adverse effect (postoperative vomiting) · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | OR 3.1 [0.12, 79.23] | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Local anaesthetic injection vs no treatment/placebo Adverse effect (postoperative bleeding) ‐ not reported · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Local anaesthetic application via nasal packing vs no packing/packing with placebo Pain intensity at 12 hours postoperatively · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 151 participants | Low |
Local anaesthetic application via nasal packing vs no packing/packing with placebo Pain intensity at 24 hours postoperatively · septal surgery Perioperative local anaesthesia for reducing pain following septal surgery (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 268 participants | Very low |
Ear drops (any active treatment) vs no treatment Proportion of patients (or ears) with complete clearance of ear wax · adults and children with ear wax requiring removal Ear drops for the removal of ear wax (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4.09 | 1 study · 73 participants | Low |
Ear drops (any active treatment) vs no treatment Adverse effects: discomfort, irritation or pain · adults and children with ear wax requiring removal Ear drops for the removal of ear wax (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Ear drops (any active treatment) vs ear drops (water or saline) Proportion of patients (or ears) with complete clearance of ear wax · adults and children with ear wax requiring removal Ear drops for the removal of ear wax (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.47 | 3 studies · 213 participants | Low |
Ear drops (any active treatment) vs ear drops (water or saline) Adverse effects: discomfort, irritation or pain · adults and children with ear wax requiring removal Ear drops for the removal of ear wax (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 participants | Low |
Ear drops (water or saline) vs no treatment Proportion of patients (or ears) with complete clearance of ear wax · adults and children with ear wax requiring removal Ear drops for the removal of ear wax (2018) · Cochrane | RR 4 | 1 study · 48 participants | Low |
Ear drops (water or saline) vs no treatment Adverse effects: discomfort, irritation or pain · adults and children with ear wax requiring removal Ear drops for the removal of ear wax (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Intervention NR Proportion of patients with control of vertigo or decrease in vertigo attacks · adults with Ménière's disease or syndrome Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Proportion of patients with adverse effects (e.g. hyponatraemia, mood disturbance and headaches) · adults with Ménière's disease or syndrome Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Proportion of patients with loss or gain of hearing/reduction in progression of hearing loss · adults with Ménière's disease or syndrome Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Proportion of patients with a reduction in the severity of tinnitus · adults with Ménière's disease or syndrome Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Proportion of patients with a reduction in the perception of aural fullness · adults with Ménière's disease or syndrome Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Overall changes in well‐being and quality of life · adults with Ménière's disease or syndrome Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Any other adverse effects · adults with Ménière's disease or syndrome Restriction of salt, caffeine and alcohol intake for the treatment of Ménière's disease or syndrome (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Heath‐related quality of life (HRQL) · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | Low |
Systemic antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Adverse effects ‐ hepatic toxicity · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 3.35 [0.14, 78.6] | NR | Low |
Systemic antifungal vs placebo/no treatment Adverse effects ‐ gastrointestinal disturbances · chronic rhinosinusitis Topical and systemic antifungal therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.04, 3.36] | NR | Low |