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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Multicomponent educational intervention vs control Hospital admissions · preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.67 [0.57, 0.79] | 1 study · 494 participants | Moderate |
Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control Prevalence of delirium · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control Incidence of delirium NH‐CAM · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.42 [0.34, 0.51] | 1 study · 7311 participants | Moderate |
Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control Severity of delirium · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control Mortality · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.88 [0.66, 1.17] | 1 study · 9412 participants | Moderate |
Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control Cognitive function · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐component hydration intervention vs control Incidence of delirium NEECHAM Confusion Scale · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.85 [0.18, 4] | 1 study · 98 participants | Very low |
Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control Falls Fall events · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.03 [0.92, 1.15] | 1 study · 2275 participants | Low |
Single‐component medication monitoring and adjustment intervention vs control Hospital admissions · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.89 [0.72, 1.1] | 1 study · 7599 participants | Moderate |
Single‐component hydration intervention vs control Severity of delirium · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐component hydration intervention vs control Mortality · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐component hydration intervention vs control Cognitive function · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐component hydration intervention vs control Falls · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Single‐component hydration intervention vs control Hospital admissions · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multicomponent educational intervention vs control Prevalence of delirium · preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.15, 2.19] | 1 study · 160 participants | Very low |
Multicomponent educational intervention vs control Incidence of delirium · preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.62 [0.16, 2.39] | 1 study · 137 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Global cognitive functioning · cognitively healthy people in midlife Computerised cognitive training for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in midlife (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: episodic memory, 6 months of · cognitively healthy people in midlife Computerised cognitive training for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in midlife (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3090 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: executive functioning, 6 months of · cognitively healthy people in midlife Computerised cognitive training for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in midlife (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 3994 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: working memory, 6 months of · cognitively healthy people in midlife Computerised cognitive training for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in midlife (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 5831 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: speed of processing · cognitively healthy people in midlife Computerised cognitive training for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in midlife (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · cognitively healthy people in midlife Computerised cognitive training for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in midlife (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR One or more serious adverse events · cognitively healthy people in midlife Computerised cognitive training for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in midlife (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Global cognitive functioning ( · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 407 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Executive function (measured at 12 months of · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Verbal fluency (measured at 12 months of · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Depression (measured at 12 months of · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Functional performance (measured at 12 months of · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Episodic memory ( · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 223 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Speed of processing ( · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 119 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Executive functioning ( · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 150 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Working memory ( · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 72 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Verbal fluency ( · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 150 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Quality of life (3 months of · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Global cognitive functioning (measured at 12 months of · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Episodic memory (measured at 12 months of · patients with mild cognitive impairment Computerised cognitive training for preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 37 participants | Very low |
Cognitive training vs control immediately post intervention Change in a global measure of cognition (composite) · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 27 studies · 1389 participants | Moderate |
Cognitive training vs control Change in disease progression · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 98 participants | Very low |
Cognitive training vs control Change in delayed memory · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 253 participants | Very low |
Cognitive training vs control Change in capacity for activities of daily living · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 64 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs control Change in participants' mood · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 30 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs control Change in mood and well‐being (caregiver) · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention Change in a global measure of cognition (composite) · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 769 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention Change in a global measure of cognition · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 724 participants | Very low |
Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention Change in delayed memory · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 147 participants | Very low |
Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention Change in participants' mood · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 543 participants | Moderate |
Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention Change in capacity for activities of daily living · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 525 participants | Moderate |
Cognitive training vs control immediately post intervention Change in a global measure of cognition · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 20 studies · 1288 participants | Low |
Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention Participant burden (retention rates) · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | OR 0.78 [0.24, 2.57] | 4 studies · 639 participants | Very low |
Cognitive training vs alternative treatment immediately post intervention Change in mood and well‐being (caregiver) · people with mild to moderate dementia Cognitive training for people with mild to moderate dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 88 participants | Moderate |