Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

948 questions · 998 findings · 100 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 233 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 40 · 4%Very low 203 · 20.3%Low 271 · 27.2%Moderate 176 · 17.6%High 75 · 7.5%

Vitamin E vs placebo

Geographic atrophy · general population

It is very uncertain whether vitamin E changes geographic atrophy compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.71 [0.28, 26]
1 study · 941 participants
Very low

Vitamin E vs placebo

Quality of life · general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E vs placebo

Adverse effects (AE) · general population

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Vitamin E vs placebo

Resource use and costs · general population

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for preventing age‐related macular degeneration 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D vs control

All‐cause mortality · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3046 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs control

Cause‐specific mortality · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 3046 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs control

Incidence rate radiologically confirmed first or only episode of pneumonia · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 3134 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs control

Hospital admissions · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 88 participants
Very low

Vitamin D vs control

TB cases · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs control

Diarrhoea · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 7 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs control

Malaria cases · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Vitamin D vs control

Febrile illness · children under 5 years of age

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Pyridoxal 5 phosphate (vitamin B6) vs placebo

Global: Discontinuation of Vitamin B6 · patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

Pyridoxal 5 phosphate (vitamin B6) showed no clear difference in global: Discontinuation of Vitamin B6 compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic‐induced tardive dyskinesia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 8.72 [0.51, 149.75]
2 studies · 65 participants
Low

B vitamins vs placebo

Incidence of dementia ‐ not measured · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

B vitamins vs placebo

Cognitive function · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 488 participants
Very low

B vitamins vs placebo

Cognitive subdomain: episodic memory measured at the end of · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 397 participants
Moderate

B vitamins vs placebo

Executive function (specific cognitive function) · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 392 participants
Moderate

B vitamins vs placebo

Information processing speed · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 173 participants
Moderate

B vitamins vs placebo

Quality of life · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 138 participants
Moderate

B vitamins vs placebo

Mortality ‐ not reported · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found