Intervention not reported
PIPP 30 s after heel lance (term and preterm infants) Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · newborns with heel lance‐associated pain
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
PIPP 60 s after heel lance Range of scale 0‐21 for infants < 28 weeks PMA and 0‐18 for infants > 36 weeks PMA A lower score = less pain (Stevens 1996; Stevens 2014a) · newborns with heel lance‐associated pain
1 finding from 1 review
SpO2 at ‐ sensitivity low risk; selection bias · neonates with mechanical ventilation
1 finding from 1 review
Pain (PIPP) · patients with promoting growth and neurodevelopment in stable preterm twins
1 finding from 1 review
Apnoea/bradycardia occurring 12‐24 hours following completion of operation · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) showed no clear difference in apnoea/bradycardia occurring 12‐24 hours following completion of… compared with general anaesthesia (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Any oxygen desaturation occurring 12‐24 hours following completion of the operation · Preterm infants requiring surgery for inguinal hernia in early infancy
Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) showed no clear difference in any oxygen desaturation occurring 12‐24 hours following completion… compared with general anaesthesia (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cerebral palsy · preterm or very low birth weight infants
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes cerebral palsy at 18 to 22 months' corrected age compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mental Developmental Index (Bayley II) at 18 to 22 months' corrected age · preterm or very low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Normal auditory functioning at discharge · preterm or very low birth weight infants
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes normal auditory functioning at discharge compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · preterm or very low birth weight infants
It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs changes all‐cause mortality during hospital stay compared with no earplugs (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Weight (kg) · preterm or very low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Height (cm) · preterm or very low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of mechanical ventilation · preterm or very low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Days of initial hospitalisation · preterm or very low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Necrotising enterocolitis · very preterm or very low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality before hospital discharge · very preterm or very low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Late‐onset invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Neurodevelopmental disability · very preterm or very low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Necrotising enterocolitis · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review
Mortality before hospital discharge · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants
1 finding from 1 review