Biofilm morphological changes · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
Grape seed extract alters S. mutans biofilm morphology (2 studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries · For interventions, pregnant women and mothers of infants in the first year of life; for outcomes, children up to 6 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
Biofilm formation (reduction) · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
Grape seed extract reduces S. mutans biofilm formation in vitro (5 studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
GSE reduced biofilm formation: 89% (polymeric PAC) vs 79% (dealcoholized wine) (Daglia), inhibition at 4 mg/mL (Zhao), decreased microcolonies with 2000 ug/mL GSE + fluorinol (Furiga), reduction within 30 min…
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Antioxidant capacity · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
One study reported antioxidant activity of cranberry polyphenol fractions (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
GtfB/C and F-ATPase activity · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
Cranberry proanthocyanidins downregulate GtfB/C and F-ATPase activity of S. mutans (5 studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Bacterial growth inhibition · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
Grape seed extract inhibits S. mutans growth in vitro (MIC ~0.5 mg/mL to 250 mg/mL across 5 studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
GSE inhibited S. mutans growth across ~0.5-250 mg/mL (Abstract): inhibition at 250-500 mg/mL (Swadas), 4 mg/mL (Zhao), MIC 1000 ug/mL and MBC 4000 ug/mL (Furiga), MIC 0.5 mg/mL (Smullen), and MIC 19.07 mg/mL for…
5 studies
GRADE not reported
Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Bacterial adhesion (inhibition) · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
Cranberry extract inhibits S. mutans adhesion / initial colonization in vitro (3 studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Cell death / cytotoxicity induction · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms)
One study reported time-dependent cell-death induction (50% at 10 h) with cranberry extract (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Attachment change · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive periodontitis, systemic disorders…
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival… showed no clear difference in change in clinical attachment level (CAL) compared with full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Presence of dry socket · Adults (>18 years) having permanent tooth extraction (predominantly mandibular third molars)
Herbal mouthrinse showed no clear difference in presence of dry socket compared with chlorhexidine 0.2% mouthrinse; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Change in probing pocket depth (PPD) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive periodontitis, systemic disorders…
Full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival… showed no clear difference in change in probing pocket depth (PPD) compared with full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Presence of dry socket · Adults (>18 years) having permanent tooth extraction (predominantly mandibular third molars)
Honey (Manuka, topical) showed no clear difference in presence of dry socket compared with chlorhexidine rinse (0.2%); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Change in bleeding on probing (BOP) · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive periodontitis, systemic disorders…
It is very uncertain whether full-mouth scaling (FMS): scaling/root planing (subgingival… changes change in bleeding on probing (BOP) compared with full-mouth disinfection (FMD): scaling/root planing (subgingival… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Tooth loss · Adults with a clinical diagnosis of (chronic) periodontitis (1999 classification); studies of aggressive periodontitis, systemic disorders…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
Miswak (Salvadora persica) stick led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
Topical G32 (ayurvedic preparation) showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with chlorhexidine digluconate 1% gel; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
VSC: third component · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
Chlorine dioxide mouthrinse (with tongue scraping) showed no clear difference in VSC: third component compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (with tongue scraping); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review