Grape seed extract (GSE) and its proanthocyanidin fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride): Biofilm formation (reduction)
Grape seed extract reduces S. mutans biofilm formation in vitro (5 studies; ungraded).
What each review found
Include earlier review versions| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Grape seed extract (GSE) and its proanthocyanidin fractions vs Untreated or vehicle control (some studies vs positive antimicrobial controls, e.g. chlorhexidine/fluoride) Biofilm formation (reduction) · Streptococcus mutans (in vitro cultures and biofilms) · in vitro (laboratory) Grape seed extract reduces S. mutans biofilm formation in vitro (5 studies; ungraded). Effect of flavonoids from grape seed and cranberry extracts on the microbiological activity of Streptococcus… (2024) All outcomes | GSE reduced biofilm formation: 89% (polymeric PAC) vs 79% (dealcoholized wine) (Daglia), inhibition at 4 mg/mL (Zhao), decreased microcolonies with 2000 ug/mL GSE + fluorinol (Furiga), reduction within 30 min… | 5 studies | GRADE not reported |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Effect of flavonoids from grape seed and cranberry extracts on the microbiological activity of Streptococcus mutans: a systematic review… 2024 All outcomes | 2023-12-30 | 22 | Critically Low / Critically Low |
Studies behind the findings
None of these reviews ties its included studies to this outcome in the data here. Cochrane reviews and reviews with headline outcomes only do not list their studies yet.
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.