Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,036 questions · 1,100 findings · 261 reviews

No studies found 160 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 188 · 17.1%Very low 270 · 24.5%Low 303 · 27.5%Moderate 139 · 12.6%High 40 · 3.6%

Antipsychotics vs placebo

Self‐harm Measured by: clinicians Timing of outcome assessment: end of treatment · patients with borderline personality disorder

It is very uncertain whether antipsychotics changes self‐harm Timing of outcome assessment: end of treatment (8 to 24… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride-releasing glass ionomer-based bonding agent vs Non-fluoride glass ionomer-based bonding agent

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · Patients of any age (11-40 years) receiving comprehensive/fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

For a glass-ionomer-based bonding agent (single study), fluoride release significantly reduced WSL initiation (RR 0.64); subgroup not separately GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Sealant/coating agent WITH fluoride release applied to teeth with fixed appliances vs No sealant (control/no treatment)

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · Patients of any age (11-40 years) receiving comprehensive/fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

Among fluoride-releasing sealants, the reduction in WSL initiation versus no sealant was not statistically significant (RR 0.69); subgroup not separately GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review

Resin infiltration vs Untreated control (natural remineralization)

Optical/esthetic improvement (visual-tactile assessment) · Patients with post-orthodontic white spot lesions (WSL)

Resin infiltration produced significantly greater optical improvement of white spot lesions than untreated (naturally remineralizing) controls (SMD 1.24, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.88; moderate certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
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Coating material (bonding material or sealant) WITH fluoride release vs Coating material WITHOUT fluoride release

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)

Fluoride-releasing coating material did not show a statistically significant reduction in new white spot lesions versus non-fluoride coating (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glass ionomer cement vs Resin adhesive

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)

Glass ionomer cement did not show a statistically significant difference in new white spot lesions versus resin adhesive (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Glass ionomer cement (for bracket bonding) vs Resin adhesive

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · Patients of any age (11-40 years) receiving comprehensive/fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

There is no clear difference in WSL initiation between glass ionomer cement and resin adhesive for bracket bonding (RR 0.72, not significant); certainty of evidence is very low.

1 finding from 1 review

Sealant (any type) vs No sealant (control/no treatment)

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · People receiving orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (upper and/or lower full arch)

Sealant use reduced the incidence of new white spot lesions versus no sealant (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Compomer (polyacid-modified composite, fluoride-releasing) for bonding brackets vs Compomer bonding agent without fluoride release

Initiation of white spot lesions (WSL), visual-tactile assessment · Patients of any age (11-40 years) receiving comprehensive/fixed orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances

For compomer-based bonding agents, fluoride release did not significantly change WSL initiation (RR 0.71); subgroup not separately GRADE-rated.

1 finding from 1 review