What do systematic reviews say?

Amethocaine vs placebo

• Topical anaesthesia for needle‐related pain in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 110 participants
  Low

Amethocaine vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether amethocaine changes successful cannulation first attempt compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Topical anaesthesia for needle‐related pain in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.82, 1.81]
  1 study · 39 participants
  Very low

Amethocaine vs placebo

• Topical anaesthesia for needle‐related pain in newborn infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 181 participants
  Moderate

Chemically cured glass ionomer cement vs Light-cured compomer (polyacid-modified composite resin)

• Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Approximately 12 months (to end of treatment)
  Williams 2005 (30 participants): a statistically significant difference in patient taste preference in favour of the glass ionomer over the light-cured composite resin (compomer).
  1 study · 30 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chemically cured glass ionomer cement vs Chemically cured glass phosphonate

• Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Approximately 12 months (to end of treatment)
  Clark 2003: no statistically significant difference in taste between the two cements (glass ionomer vs glass phosphonate); authors caution the finding because both cements were used at the same sitting, so the taste of…
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Chemically cured zinc phosphate cement vs Glass ionomer cement (GIC)

• Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Approximately 12 months (to end of treatment)
  No statistical analysis. Kvam 1983 (28 participants): 4 teeth affected by small decalcification spots (reversed by polishing and fluoride), all with the zinc phosphate cement. Galarraga 2003 (40 participants): 8…
  2 studies · 68 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chemically cured glass ionomer cement vs Light-cured compomer (polyacid-modified composite resin)

• Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Approximately 12 months (to end of treatment)
  Gillgrass 2001 (98 participants): comparison of change in mean enamel white spot lesion scores during treatment showed no statistically significant difference between chemically cured glass ionomer and light-cured…
  1 study · 98 participants
  GRADE not reported

Propofol vs inhalation anaesthetics

• Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Propofol vs inhalation anaesthetics

• Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 88 participants
  Moderate

Propofol vs inhalation anaesthetics

• Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 277 participants
  Low

Propofol vs inhalation anaesthetics

• Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 214 participants
  Low

Propofol vs inhalation anaesthetics

Propofol probably leads to lower failure of deliberate hypotension (%) compared with inhalation anaesthetics (moderate certainty).

• Deliberate hypotension with propofol under anaesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.24 [0.09, 0.66]
  1 study · 88 participants
  Moderate

Anti‐D administration in pregnancy vs no treatment

Anti‐D administration in pregnancy may leads to lower incidence of positive Kleihauer test (at 32 to 35 weeks' gestation) compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Anti‐D administration in pregnancy for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.41, 0.88]
  1 study · 1884 participants
  Low

Anti‐D administration in pregnancy vs no treatment

Anti‐D administration in pregnancy may leads to lower incidence of positive Kleihauer test (at birth of a Rh‐positive… compared with no treatment (low certainty).

• Anti‐D administration in pregnancy for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.46, 0.79]
  1 study · 1189 participants
  Low

Anti‐D administration in pregnancy vs no treatment

It is very uncertain whether anti‐D administration in pregnancy changes neonatal jaundice compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

• Anti‐D administration in pregnancy for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.26 [0.03, 2.3]
  1 study · 1882 participants
  Very low

Anti‐D administration in pregnancy vs no treatment

• Anti‐D administration in pregnancy for preventing Rhesus alloimmunisation 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Peribulbar vs retrobulbar

• Peribulbar versus retrobulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 221 participants
  Low

Peribulbar vs retrobulbar

Peribulbar showed no clear difference in globe akinesia extraocular muscle motility compared with retrobulbar (low certainty).

• Peribulbar versus retrobulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.82, 1.13]
  4 studies · 1042 participants
  Low

Peribulbar vs retrobulbar

Peribulbar showed no clear difference in need for additional injection Number of additional injections compared with retrobulbar (low certainty).

• Peribulbar versus retrobulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.54 [0.91, 2.6]
  4 studies · 1029 participants
  Low

Peribulbar vs retrobulbar

Peribulbar showed no clear difference in local complications ‐ Retrobular haemorrhage compared with retrobulbar (moderate certainty).

• Peribulbar versus retrobulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.05]
  1 study · 142 participants
  Moderate