Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,072 questions · 4,237 findings · 447 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 946 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 257 · 6.1%Very low 1,121 · 26.5%Low 1,207 · 28.5%Moderate 568 · 13.4%High 138 · 3.3%

Intervention not reported

Congestive heart failure ‐ cooled during · cerebral protection during brain surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in congestive heart failure ‐ cooled during (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Myocardial infarction · cerebral protection during brain surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fresh frozen plasma vs no plasma

Number of participants receiving a red cell transfusion (total) · Neonates, children and adults undergoing cardiovascular surgery

Fresh frozen plasma probably leads to higher number of patients receiving a red cell transfusion compared with no plasma (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fresh frozen plasma vs no plasma

Resource use: need for return to theatre · Neonates, children and adults undergoing cardiovascular surgery

Fresh frozen plasma showed no clear difference in resource use: need for return to theatre compared with no plasma (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mortality · patients undergoing cardiac surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Myocardial infarction ECG/cardiac enzymes · patients undergoing cardiac surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction ECG/cardiac enzymes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Atrial fibrillation ECG · patients undergoing cardiac surgery

The intervention probably leads to lower atrial fibrillation ECG (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Renal failure Serum creatinine/urea · patients undergoing cardiac surgery

The intervention showed no clear difference in renal failure Serum creatinine/urea (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NPPV vs oxygen therapy

Duration of ICU stay · adults (aged > 17 years) with acute respiratory failure after upper abdominal surgery

It is very uncertain whether noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) changes ICU length of stay compared with oxygen therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Liberal vs restrictive transfusion protocols

Inability to walk 10 feet (3 m; or across a room) without human assistance · Patients with hip fracture repair

Liberal showed no clear difference in inability to walk 10 feet (3 m; or across a room) without human… compared with restrictive threshold transfusion (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review