Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,345 questions · 4,525 findings · 483 reviews

No studies found 1,024 · 22.6%GRADE not reported 388 · 8.6%Very low 1,172 · 25.9%Low 1,227 · 27.1%Moderate 576 · 12.7%High 138 · 3%

Multiple vs single‐injection technique

Secondary analgesia failure: Intraoperative sedation required · Adult patients undergoing hand, wrist or forearm surgery

Multiple showed no clear difference in secondary analgesia failure ‐ intraoperative sedation required compared with single‐injection technique (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Epidural pain relief vs systemic opioid‐based pain relief

Mortality in hospital or up to 30 days · people undergoing abdominal aortic surgery

Epidural pain relief showed no clear difference in mortality in hospital or up to 30 days compared with systemic opioid‐based pain relief (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants receiving transfusion with allogeneic blood: antifibrinolytics vs placebo · children undergoing surgery for scoliosis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants receiving transfusion with allogeneic blood:… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Number of participants receiving transfusion with allogeneic blood: aprotinin vs placebo · children undergoing surgery for scoliosis

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants receiving transfusion with allogeneic blood:… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review