Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,087 questions · 2,360 findings · 390 reviews

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No studies found 224 · 9.5%GRADE not reported 603 · 25.6%Very low 555 · 23.5%Low 548 · 23.2%Moderate 312 · 13.2%High 118 · 5%

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Neonatal colonization with GBS within the first seven days of life · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes neonatal colonization with GBS within the first seven days of life compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early‐onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.64 [0.4, 1.01]
3 studies · 328 participants
Very low

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse (mild) effects in the mother · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) changes adverse (mild) effects in the mother compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early‐onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 8.5 [1.6, 45.28]
3 studies · 1066 participants
Very low

Chlorhexidine (vaginal wash or gel/cream) vs placebo or no treatment

Adverse (mild) effects in the neonate · women with vaginal or rectal colonization with GBS during labour and their preterm/term infants

1 finding from 1 review

Vaginal chlorhexidine during labour to prevent early‐onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 1066 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Knowledge among participants of vaccine or vaccine‐preventable disease (number of people whose vaccine knowledge had increased;

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
55821 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Knowledge among participants of vaccine service delivery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Immunisation status of child (

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Participants' attitudes towards vaccination (number of parents who think it is worthwhile to vaccinate children;

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
56361 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Participants' involvement in decision‐making regarding vaccination (number of mothers included in decisions about vaccination;

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
55651 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Participant confidence in the decision made regarding vaccination

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Unintended or adverse effects

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Resource use or cost of the intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions aimed at communities to inform and/or educate about early childhood vaccination 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Oral cancer mortality (disease-specific) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers showed no clear difference in oral cancer mortality (disease-specific) compared with no screening (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
15-year follow-up
RR 0.88 [0.69, 1.12]
1 study · 191873 participants
Low
Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
15-year follow-up · High-risk individuals (tobacco and/or alcohol users)
RR 0.76 [0.60, 0.97]
1 study
GRADE not reported

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Costs · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

1 finding from 1 review

Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
9 years (three cycles)
The costs associated with the screening programme were reported after three cycles (nine years) (Subramanian 2009) (Additional Table 8). The benefit produced by a screen was 269.31 life-years saved per 100,000 for all…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Harms of screening (false-positive/false-negative outcomes) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
15-year follow-up
No harms were reported.
0 studies
No studies found

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Oral cancer incidence · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers showed no clear difference in oral cancer incidence compared with no screening; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
15-year follow-up
RR 1.14 [0.91, 1.44]
1 study · 191873 participants
GRADE not reported
Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
15-year follow-up · High-risk individuals (tobacco and/or alcohol users)
RR 0.97 [0.79, 1.19]
1 study
GRADE not reported

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Quality of life · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
15-year follow-up
Data on quality of life were not reported.
0 studies
No studies found

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Test performance (sensitivity and specificity) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

1 finding from 1 review

Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
15-year follow-up
Across the four cycles (15 years), the reported sensitivity of the visual examination in detecting oral cancer was 67.4% (188/279). No information on the specificity or the positive predictive value of the programme…
1 study
GRADE not reported

Toluidine blue (visual staining) vs No screening

Outcome not reported · Planned population: general population or high-risk / opportunistic screening groups (no eligible study)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Screening programmes for the early detection and prevention of oral cancer 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
There was no evidence to support the use of adjunctive technologies like toluidine blue, brush biopsy or fluorescence imaging as a screening tool to reduce oral cancer mortality; no eligible randomised controlled trial…
0 studies
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Language ‐ joint (direct or independent assessment) EIDP/PSDP, PLS‐IV/CASL1 · children aged 1 year to 6 years 11 months with diagnosis of ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Parent‐mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 64 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Communication (reported) VABS1 · children aged 1 year to 6 years 11 months with diagnosis of ASD

1 finding from 1 review

Parent‐mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 228 participants
Low