Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,736 questions · 15,265 findings · 1,163 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,871 · 25.4%GRADE not reported 810 · 5.3%Very low 4,242 · 27.8%Low 3,879 · 25.4%Moderate 1,999 · 13.1%High 464 · 3%

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Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Vascular access complications · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation

It is very uncertain whether upper limb exercise training changes vascular access complications (isometric versus isotonic exercise… compared with control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.54 [0.38, 17.08]
2 studies · 110 participants
Very low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Adverse events · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Ultrasound maturation (isometric versus isotonic exercise training) · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation

Upper limb exercise training may leads to higher ultrasound maturation (isometric versus isotonic exercise training) compared with control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.56 [1.21, 2]
3 studies · 160 participants
Low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Clinical maturation (isometric versus isotonic exercise training) · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation

Upper limb exercise training may leads to higher clinical maturation (isometric versus isotonic exercise training) compared with control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.8 [1.18, 2.76]
3 studies · 160 participants
Low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Venous diameter (isometric versus isotonic exercise training) · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 160 participants
Low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Venous diameter (high volume versus low volume isotonic exercise training) · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 93 participants
Very low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Blood flow in the inflow artery (isometric versus isotonic exercise training) · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 160 participants
Low

Upper limb exercise training vs control (no intervention/usual care/isotonic exercise)

Blood flow in the inflow artery (high volume versus low volume isotonic exercise training) · CKD patients who underwent AVF creation

1 finding from 1 review

Upper limb exercise for arteriovenous fistula maturation in people requiring permanent haemodialysis access 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 15 participants
Very low

Antibiotics plus probiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Failure to induce clinical remission at end of study · people with active UC

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics plus probiotics changes failure to induce clinical remission at end of study compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.39, 1.19]
2 studies · 98 participants
Very low

Antibiotics plus probiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Failure to induce clinical response at end of study · people with active UC

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antibiotics plus probiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Serious adverse events · people with active UC

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics plus probiotics changes serious adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.07, 15.08]
2 studies · 98 participants
Very low

Antibiotics plus probiotics vs placebo or no intervention

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with active UC

It is very uncertain whether antibiotics plus probiotics changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics for the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.07, 15.08]
2 studies · 98 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 8 RCTs Total Participants: 9983 · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 9983 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 13 RCTs Total Participants: 144476 · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 144476 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 8 RCTs; 7511 participants) · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 7511 participants
High

Intervention not reported

MD‐TRIPLE (Direct evidence; 3 RCTs; 3187 participants) · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3187 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

HD‐TRIPLE (Direct evidence; 2 RCT; 2039 participants) · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2039 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

MD‐ICS/LABA · Adolescents and adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Total studies: 11 RCTs Total Participants: 13209 · Adolescent sand adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 13209 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

HD‐ICS/LABA (Direct evidence; 6 RCTs; 6244 participants) · Adolescent sand adults with symptomatic asthma Interventions: HD‐ICS/LABA, MD‐TRIPLE, HD‐TRIPLE Comparator (reference): Medium‐Dose…

1 finding from 1 review

Effectiveness and tolerability of dual and triple combination inhaler therapies compared with each other and varying… 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 6244 participants
High