Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,410 questions · 8,901 findings · 1,091 reviews

No studies found 1,687 · 19%GRADE not reported 1,469 · 16.5%Very low 1,969 · 22.1%Low 2,060 · 23.1%Moderate 1,302 · 14.6%High 414 · 4.7%

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Hypertonic saline vs other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents

Mortality (short‐term) · people with acute traumatic brain injury

It is very uncertain whether hypertonic saline changes mortality (short‐term) compared with other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic saline vs other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents

Mortality at 6 months · people with acute traumatic brain injury

It is very uncertain whether hypertonic saline changes mortality at 6 months compared with other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic saline vs other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents

Glasgow Outcome Scale: poor outcome at 6 months · people with acute traumatic brain injury

It is very uncertain whether hypertonic saline changes glasgow Outcome Scale: poor outcome at 6 months compared with other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy vs sham

Major adverse events · men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggesting benign prostatic hyperplasia

It is very uncertain whether convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy changes major adverse events compared with sham procedure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy vs sham

Retreatment · men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggesting benign prostatic hyperplasia

It is very uncertain whether convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy changes retreatment compared with sham procedure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo

Proportion of participants experiencing adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain

It is very uncertain whether NSAIDs changes proportion of participants experiencing adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review