Oral vs IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy
Fever clearance time · children with acute pyelonephritis
1 finding from 1 review
- no estimate extracted2 studies · 808 participantsModerate
Findings
What do systematic reviews say?
2,123 questions · 2,188 findings · 243 reviews
No studies found 493 · 22.5%GRADE not reported 160 · 7.3%Very low 600 · 27.4%Low 474 · 21.7%Moderate 364 · 16.6%High 97 · 4.4%
Different dosing regimens of aminoglycosides (daily vs 8 hourly)
Increase in serum creatinine during treatment · children with acute pyelonephritis
Different dosing regimens of aminoglycosides (daily showed no clear difference in increase in serum creatinine during treatment compared with 8 hourly) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.75 [0.2, 2.82]3 studies · 419 participantsLow
Oral vs IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy
Renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: all included children with acute pyelonephritis DMSA scans · children with acute pyelonephritis
Oral showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: all included children… compared with IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.82 [0.59, 1.12]4 studies · 943 participantsModerate
Oral vs IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy
Renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: children with renal parenchymal damage on initial DMSA · children with acute pyelonephritis
Oral showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: children with renal… compared with IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.79 [0.61, 1.03]4 studies · 681 participantsModerate
Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy
Persistent bacteriuria · children with acute pyelonephritis
Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent bacteriuria after treatment compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.78 [0.24, 2.55]4 studies · 305 participantsLow
Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy
Recurrent UTI within 6 months · children with acute pyelonephritis
Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in recurrent UTI within 6 months compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 0.97 [0.58, 1.62]5 studies · 993 participantsModerate
Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy
Persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: all included children with acute pyelonephritis · children with acute pyelonephritis
Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: all included children with… compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.01 [0.8, 1.29]4 studies · 726 participantsModerate
Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy
Persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: children with initial renal parenchymal damage on initial DMSA scan · children with acute pyelonephritis
Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: children with initial… compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.1 [0.84, 1.45]3 studies · 315 participantsModerate
Different dosing regimens of aminoglycosides (daily vs 8 hourly)
Persistent bacteriuria after 1 to 3 days of treatment · children with acute pyelonephritis
Different dosing regimens of aminoglycosides (daily showed no clear difference in persistent bacteriuria after 1 to 3 days of treatment compared with 8 hourly) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 1.05 [0.15, 7.27]3 studies · 435 participantsLow
Different dosing regimens of aminoglycosides (daily vs 8 hourly)
Hearing impairment following treatment · children with acute pyelonephritis
Different dosing regimens of aminoglycosides (daily showed no clear difference in hearing impairment following treatment compared with 8 hourly) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- RR 2.83 [0.33, 24.56]3 studies · 271 participantsLow
Intervention not reported
Number of people who had not improved or had not been cured ( · children and adults with acute pneumonia
The intervention showed no clear difference in number of people who had not improved or had not been cured ( (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyOR 0.85 [0.4, 1.8]2 studies · 221 participantsLow
Intervention not reported
Cough score Scale from: 0 (absent) to 3 (very severe) ( · children and adults with acute pneumonia
1 finding from 1 review
- Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 120 participantsLow
Intervention not reported
Adverse events ( · children and adults with acute pneumonia
1 finding from 1 review
- Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted1 study · 120 participantsGRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Complications (e.g. medication change) · children and adults with acute pneumonia
1 finding from 1 review
- Over‐the‐counter (OTC) medications to reduce cough as an adjunct to antibiotics for acute pneumonia in children and… 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Isoniazid vs no treatment
Tuberculosis · kidney transplant recipients
Isoniazid probably leads to lower tuberculosis compared with no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing post solid organ transplant tuberculosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.35 [0.14, 0.89]3 studies · 558 participantsModerate
Isoniazid vs no treatment
INH hepatotoxicity Jaundice, elevated bilirubin, elevated liver enzymes · kidney transplant recipients
Isoniazid probably leads to higher INH hepatotoxicity Jaundice, elevated bilirubin, elevated liver… compared with no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing post solid organ transplant tuberculosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.59 [1.06, 2.4]3 studies · 558 participantsModerate
Isoniazid vs no treatment
All‐cause mortality · kidney transplant recipients
Isoniazid showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing post solid organ transplant tuberculosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 1.39 [0.7, 2.78]3 studies · 558 participantsLow
Intrapartum vs postpartum treatment
Maternal and neonatal mortality · women with management of intra‐amniotic infection
1 finding from 1 review
- Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyno estimate extracted0 studies · 0 participantsGRADE not reported
Intrapartum vs postpartum treatment
Maternal bacteremia · women with management of intra‐amniotic infection
It is very uncertain whether intrapartum changes maternal bacteremia compared with postpartum treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 2.19 [0.25, 19.48]1 study · 45 participantsVery low
Intrapartum vs postpartum treatment
Early neonatal sepsis · women with management of intra‐amniotic infection
It is very uncertain whether intrapartum changes early neonatal sepsis compared with postpartum treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
- Antibiotic regimens for management of intra‐amniotic infection 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes onlyRR 0.08 [0, 1.44]1 study · 45 participantsVery low