Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,173 questions in 89 reviews · Neuromuscular
current versionsNo studies 302 · 25.7%Ungraded 119 · 10.1%Very low 267 · 22.8%Low 239 · 20.4%Moderate 177 · 15.1%High 69 · 5.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Respiratory muscle training vs no training Measures of lung capacity over the short term (less than 3 months) · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs no training Measures of lung capacity over the medium term (greater than 3 months but less than 1 year) Measured by: post‐intervention % predicted VC · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs no training Measures of lung capacity over the long term (greater than 1 year) · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs no training Physical function in carrying out activities of daily living · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs no training Quality of life · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Measures of lung capacity over the medium term (greater than 3 months but less than 1 year) (change from baseline in % predicted FVC) · people with ALS Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs no training Number of unscheduled hospitalizations for episodes of chest infection or acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure within 1 year of randomization · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs no training All adverse events · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Measures of lung capacity over the short term (less than 3 months) Measured as change from baseline in FVC (L) · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Measures of lung capacity over the medium term (greater than 3 months but less than 1 year) · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Measures of lung capacity over the long term (greater than 1 year) · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Physical function in carrying out activities of daily living · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Quality of life · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Number of unscheduled hospitalisations for episodes of chest infection or acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure within 1 year of randomization · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises All adverse events · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Measures of lung capacity over the short term (less than 3 months) Measured by: post‐intervention TLC · people with myasthenia gravis Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Measures of lung capacity over the long term (greater than 1 year) · people with ALS Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Measures of lung capacity over the medium term (greater than 3 months but less than 1 year) · people with myasthenia gravis Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Measures of lung capacity over the long term (greater than 1 year) · people with myasthenia gravis Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Physical function in carrying out activities of daily living · people with myasthenia gravis Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Quality of life · people with myasthenia gravis Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 27 participants | Very low |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises Number of unscheduled hospitalizations for episodes of chest infection or acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure within 1 year of randomization · people with myasthenia gravis Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises All adverse events · people with myasthenia gravis Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Physical function in carrying out activities of daily living over the medium term (3 to 12 months; change from baseline) · people with ALS Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Quality of life (change from baseline) in the medium term · people with ALS Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 24 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Number of unscheduled hospitalisations for episodes of chest infection or acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure within 1 year of randomization · people with ALS Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training All adverse events · people with ALS Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 38 participants | Very low |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Measures of lung capacity over the short term (less than 3 months) Measured by: post‐intervention TLC · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Low |
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training Measures of lung capacity over the medium term (greater than 3 months but less than 1 year) · children and young males with DMD Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BM‐MSC vs no treatment Functional impairment, assessed using a functional rating scale (change from baseline to 6 months): mean change in ALSFRS‐R score · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole) Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
BM‐MSC vs no treatment Functional impairment, assessed using a functional rating scale (change from baseline to 12 months) · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole) Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BM‐MSC vs no treatment Muscle strength: manual muscle testing (mean change from baseline to 12 months) · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole) Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
BM‐MSC vs no treatment Respiratory function: change in FVC% (mean change from baseline to 12 months) · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole) Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 56 participants | Low |
BM‐MSC vs no treatment Overall survival · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole) Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.07 [0.94, 1.22] | 1 study · 64 participants | Low |
BM‐MSC vs no treatment Adverse events, total · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole) Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.62, 1.19] | 1 study · 64 participants | Low |
BM‐MSC vs no treatment Serious adverse events · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole) Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.47 [0.13, 1.72] | 1 study · 64 participants | Low |
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care Walking distance on the 6MWT (m) (a higher score indicates better function) Change from baseline · children and adults with SMA type 3 Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity · children and adults with SMA type 3 Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care Functional performance · children and adults with SMA type 3 Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care Muscle strength (MMT total score) · children and adults with SMA type 3 Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care Fatigue In children, · children and adults with SMA type 3 Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care Physical activity ‐ change from baseline · children and adults with SMA type 3 Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care Quality of life In children, · children and adults with SMA type 3 Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care Serious adverse events leading to withdrawal · children and adults with SMA type 3 Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 12 participants | Very low |
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only Improvement (greater than 50% of time spent) heel‐toe walking Measured by parents' perception of toe walking frequency more than 50% of the time. · children with ITW gait Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [0.57, 2.55] | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only Active range of motion of the ankle joint · children with ITW gait Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only Change from baseline in passive ankle dorsiflexion range of movement · children with ITW gait Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only Pain · children with ITW gait Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only Recurrence of ITW post‐treatment Assessed by improvement in toe walking based on Gait Analysis Classification An increase indicates improvement (an improvement indicated by a change in downgrading of the severe or 3, moderate or 2, and mild or 1 c... · children with ITW gait Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 46 participants | Very low |
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only Adverse events · children with ITW gait Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 47 participants | Very low |