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Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

1,173 questions in 89 reviews · Neuromuscular

current versions
No studies 302 · 25.7%Ungraded 119 · 10.1%Very low 267 · 22.8%Low 239 · 20.4%Moderate 177 · 15.1%High 69 · 5.9%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Respiratory muscle training vs no training
Measures of lung capacity over the short term (less than 3 months) · children and young males with DMD
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs no training
Measures of lung capacity over the medium term (greater than 3 months but less than 1 year) Measured by: post‐intervention % predicted VC · children and young males with DMD
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 30 participantsLow
Respiratory muscle training vs no training
Measures of lung capacity over the long term (greater than 1 year) · children and young males with DMD
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs no training
Physical function in carrying out activities of daily living · children and young males with DMD
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs no training
Quality of life · children and young males with DMD
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training
Measures of lung capacity over the medium term (greater than 3 months but less than 1 year) (change from baseline in % predicted FVC) · people with ALS
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 24 participantsLow
Respiratory muscle training vs no training
Number of unscheduled hospitalizations for episodes of chest infection or acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure within 1 year of randomization · children and young males with DMD
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs no training
All adverse events · children and young males with DMD
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Measures of lung capacity over the short term (less than 3 months) Measured as change from baseline in FVC (L) · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 21 participantsVery low
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Measures of lung capacity over the medium term (greater than 3 months but less than 1 year) · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Measures of lung capacity over the long term (greater than 1 year) · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Physical function in carrying out activities of daily living · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Quality of life · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Number of unscheduled hospitalisations for episodes of chest infection or acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure within 1 year of randomization · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
All adverse events · participants with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Measures of lung capacity over the short term (less than 3 months) Measured by: post‐intervention TLC · people with myasthenia gravis
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 27 participantsLow
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training
Measures of lung capacity over the long term (greater than 1 year) · people with ALS
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Measures of lung capacity over the medium term (greater than 3 months but less than 1 year) · people with myasthenia gravis
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Measures of lung capacity over the long term (greater than 1 year) · people with myasthenia gravis
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Physical function in carrying out activities of daily living · people with myasthenia gravis
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Quality of life · people with myasthenia gravis
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 27 participantsVery low
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
Number of unscheduled hospitalizations for episodes of chest infection or acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure within 1 year of randomization · people with myasthenia gravis
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs breathing exercises
All adverse events · people with myasthenia gravis
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training
Physical function in carrying out activities of daily living over the medium term (3 to 12 months; change from baseline) · people with ALS
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 24 participantsLow
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training
Quality of life (change from baseline) in the medium term · people with ALS
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 24 participantsLow
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training
Number of unscheduled hospitalisations for episodes of chest infection or acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure within 1 year of randomization · people with ALS
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training
All adverse events · people with ALS
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted2 studies · 38 participantsVery low
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training
Measures of lung capacity over the short term (less than 3 months) Measured by: post‐intervention TLC · children and young males with DMD
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 16 participantsLow
Respiratory muscle training vs sham training
Measures of lung capacity over the medium term (greater than 3 months but less than 1 year) · children and young males with DMD
Respiratory muscle training in children and adults with neuromuscular disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
BM‐MSC vs no treatment
Functional impairment, assessed using a functional rating scale (change from baseline to 6 months): mean change in ALSFRS‐R score · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole)
Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 56 participantsLow
BM‐MSC vs no treatment
Functional impairment, assessed using a functional rating scale (change from baseline to 12 months) · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole)
Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
BM‐MSC vs no treatment
Muscle strength: manual muscle testing (mean change from baseline to 12 months) · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole)
Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
BM‐MSC vs no treatment
Respiratory function: change in FVC% (mean change from baseline to 12 months) · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole)
Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 56 participantsLow
BM‐MSC vs no treatment
Overall survival · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole)
Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane
RR 1.07 [0.94, 1.22]1 study · 64 participantsLow
BM‐MSC vs no treatment
Adverse events, total · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole)
Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane
RR 0.86 [0.62, 1.19]1 study · 64 participantsLow
BM‐MSC vs no treatment
Serious adverse events · people with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (treated with riluzole)
Cell‐based therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2019) · Cochrane
RR 0.47 [0.13, 1.72]1 study · 64 participantsLow
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care
Walking distance on the 6MWT (m) (a higher score indicates better function) Change from baseline · children and adults with SMA type 3
Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 12 participantsVery low
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care
Cardiopulmonary exercise capacity · children and adults with SMA type 3
Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 12 participantsVery low
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care
Functional performance · children and adults with SMA type 3
Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 12 participantsVery low
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care
Muscle strength (MMT total score) · children and adults with SMA type 3
Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 12 participantsVery low
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care
Fatigue In children, · children and adults with SMA type 3
Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 12 participantsVery low
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care
Physical activity ‐ change from baseline · children and adults with SMA type 3
Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care
Quality of life In children, · children and adults with SMA type 3
Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 12 participantsVery low
Combined strength and aerobic exercise training vs usual care
Serious adverse events leading to withdrawal · children and adults with SMA type 3
Physical exercise training for type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 12 participantsVery low
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only
Improvement (greater than 50% of time spent) heel‐toe walking Measured by parents' perception of toe walking frequency more than 50% of the time. · children with ITW gait
Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane
RR 1.21 [0.57, 2.55]1 study · 46 participantsVery low
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only
Active range of motion of the ankle joint · children with ITW gait
Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only
Change from baseline in passive ankle dorsiflexion range of movement · children with ITW gait
Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 47 participantsVery low
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only
Pain · children with ITW gait
Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only
Recurrence of ITW post‐treatment Assessed by improvement in toe walking based on Gait Analysis Classification An increase indicates improvement (an improvement indicated by a change in downgrading of the severe or 3, moderate or 2, and mild or 1 c... · children with ITW gait
Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 46 participantsVery low
Botulinum toxin plus conservative treatment vs conservative treatment only
Adverse events · children with ITW gait
Interventions for idiopathic toe walking (2019) · Cochrane
no estimate extracted1 study · 47 participantsVery low