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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
515 questions in 31 reviews · Fertility Regulation
current versionsNo studies 99 · 19.2%Ungraded 11 · 2.1%Very low 70 · 13.6%Low 147 · 28.5%Moderate 153 · 29.7%High 35 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Pain score 1 hour after IUC insertion (5‐point scale) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 50 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain score 2 hours after IUC insertion (5‐point scale) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 41 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain score during IUC insertion (100 mm VAS) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | SMD 0.27 [0.07, 0.46] | 4 studies · 400 participants | High |
Intervention NR Side effect: cramping (before IUC insertion) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | OR 2.64 [1.46, 4.76] | 4 studies · 466 participants | High |
Intervention NR Moderate to severe pain at IUC insertion (dichotomous) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.3 [0.16, 0.55] | 179 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Satisfaction: experience was slightly or not disagreeable · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | OR 4.34 [2.32, 8.12] | 179 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain score at IUC insertion (100 mm VAS) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 73 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain score before leaving clinic (100 mm VAS) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 73 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain score for highest level before leaving clinic (100 mm VAS) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | MD 7.6 [6.48, 8.72] | 105 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Side effect: headache · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | OR 5.68 [1.23, 26.19] | 255 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain score during IUC insertion (10 cm or 100 mm VAS) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 409 participants | High |
Intervention NR Side effect: abdominal pain · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | OR 3.93 [1.41, 10.97] | 230 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Side effect: shivering · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | OR 5.48 [1.41, 21.33] | 79 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Satisfaction: would choose treatment again · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.3 [0.14, 0.65] | 255 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Satisfaction: would recommend treatment to friend · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.36 [0.16, 0.81] | 255 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain score at tenaculum placement (100 mm VAS) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 50 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pain score for IUC insertion (10 cm VAS) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 92 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain score for IUC insertion (within 10 min) (100 mm VAS) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 209 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain score at 30 min post‐insertion (100 mm VAS) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 114 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pain score during IUC insertion (10‐point VAS) · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 69 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Satisfaction: insertion experience was unpleasant · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.02 [0.01, 0.09] | 68 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Satisfaction: would not want treatment in future · women with IUC being inserted Interventions for pain with intrauterine device insertion (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.02 [0, 0.08] | 68 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Pregnancy (12 months) · women aged ≤ 25 years with desire for contraception Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 193 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Estimated cumulative failure rate (3 years) · women aged ≤ 25 years with desire for contraception Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1130 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Pregnancy (6 months) · women aged ≤ 25 years with desire for contraception Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1 [0.05, 18.57] | 20 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Continuation (12 months) · women aged ≤ 25 years with desire for contraception Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.48 [0.76, 2.89] | 193 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Continuation (1 month; 6 months) · women aged ≤ 25 years with desire for contraception Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger (2015) · Cochrane | OR 2.44 [0.19, 31.53] | 23 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Continuation (cycles 1 to 3; cycles 4 to 6) · women aged ≤ 25 years with desire for contraception Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.09 [0.49, 2.42] | 130 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Continuation (6 months) · women aged ≤ 25 years with desire for contraception Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.38 [0.05, 2.77] | 20 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Discontinuation: other personal reasons (12 months) · women aged ≤ 25 years with desire for contraception Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger (2015) · Cochrane | OR 0.27 [0.09, 0.85] | 193 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Discontinuation: pain, hormonal, bleeding, spotting, other medical, or planning pregnancy (12 months) · women aged ≤ 25 years with desire for contraception Hormonal and intrauterine methods for contraception for women aged 25 years and younger (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 193 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR All fractures · women Steroidal contraceptives and bone fractures in women: evidence from observational studies (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [1.08, 1.34] | 1365 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR First fracture · women Steroidal contraceptives and bone fractures in women: evidence from observational studies (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.55 [1.03, 2.33] | 819 participants | High |
Intervention NR First fracture: radius or ulna; all sites · women Steroidal contraceptives and bone fractures in women: evidence from observational studies (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [1.1, 2.1] | 17032 participants | High |
Intervention NR Fracture, any · women Steroidal contraceptives and bone fractures in women: evidence from observational studies (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.5 [1.03, 2.18] | 258189 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Fracture · women Steroidal contraceptives and bone fractures in women: evidence from observational studies (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.44 [1.01, 2.06] | 258189 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR First fracture · women Steroidal contraceptives and bone fractures in women: evidence from observational studies (2015) · Cochrane | OR 1.36 [1.15, 1.6] | 87627 participants | Moderate |
Surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors Failure/incomplete abortion (RCTs) Provider assessment · Patients requesting abortion procedures Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2.97 [0.21, 41.82] | 2 studies · 2789 participants | Low |
Medical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors Complications (observational studies) Verifier assessment · Patients requesting abortion procedures Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 1164 participants | Very low |
Surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors Failure/incomplete abortion (observational studies) Provider or supervisor assessment · Patients requesting abortion procedures Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 2.2 [1.34, 3.6] | 3 studies · 13715 participants | Very low |
Surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors Complications (RCTs) Provider assessment · Patients requesting abortion procedures Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.99 [0.17, 5.7] | 2 studies · 2789 participants | Low |
Surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors Complications (observational studies) Provider or supervisor assessment · Patients requesting abortion procedures Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [0.7, 2.72] | 3 studies · 13715 participants | Very low |
Surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors Total complications (RCTs) Provider assessment · Patients requesting abortion procedures Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 3.07 [0.16, 59.08] | 2 studies · 2789 participants | Low |
Surgical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors Total complications (observational studies) Provider or supervisor assessment · Patients requesting abortion procedures Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.86, 2.14] | 4 studies · 16173 participants | Very low |
Medical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors Failure/incomplete abortion (RCTs) Provider assessment · Patients requesting abortion procedures Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.48, 1.36] | 2 studies · 1892 participants | High |
Medical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors Failure/incomplete abortion (observational studies) Verifier assessment · Patients requesting abortion procedures Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion (2015) · Cochrane | RR 1.09 [0.63, 1.88] | 1 study · 1164 participants | Very low |
Medical abortion procedures: mid‐level providers vs doctors Complications (RCTs) Provider assessment · Patients requesting abortion procedures Doctors or mid‐level providers for abortion (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 1892 participants | High |
Immediate vs delayed insertion (LNG‐IUS or CuT380A IUD) for Expulsion by 6 months Rate in percentage · patients with Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices (2014) · Cochrane | RR 2.9 [1.25, 6.71] | 3 studies · 878 participants | Moderate |
TCu 220C vs Copper 7 Discontinuation due to pregnancy (750 days) · patients with Immediate insertion Post abortion Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.44 [0.04, 4.83] | 2 studies · 2274 participants | Moderate |
TCu 220C vs Copper 7 Discontinuation due to expulsion (750 days) · patients with Immediate insertion Post abortion Immediate postabortal insertion of intrauterine devices (2014) · Cochrane | RR 0.46 [0.14, 1.5] | 2 studies · 2274 participants | Moderate |