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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,049 questions in 79 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement
current versionsNo studies 240 · 22.9%Ungraded 31 · 3%Very low 216 · 20.6%Low 253 · 24.1%Moderate 238 · 22.7%High 71 · 6.8%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: working memory measured at the end of the intervention period (12 to 16 weeks) · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 392 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Quality of life at the end of the intervention period · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Number of participants experiencing 1 or more serious adverse events at the end of the intervention period · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Global cognitive function measured at the end of the intervention period · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cognitive subdomain: episodic memory measured at the end of the intervention period (6 months) · cognitively healthy people in late life Computerised cognitive training for 12 or more weeks for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 150 participants | Low |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs placebo Length of delirium episode · end‐of‐life patients with advanced cancer and an episode of agitated delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs antipsychotics (chlorpromazine) Mortality from all causes · adult AIDS patients with delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.87 [0.23, 3.26] | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs antipsychotics (haloperidol) Length of delirium episode · adult AIDS patients with delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs antipsychotics (haloperidol) Severity of delirium DRS, higher = worse · adult AIDS patients with delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs antipsychotics (haloperidol) Any adverse event ESRS, higher = worse · adult AIDS patients with delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs antipsychotics (haloperidol) Length of hospital admission · adult AIDS patients with delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs antipsychotics (haloperidol) Mortality from all causes · adult AIDS patients with delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.83 [0.34, 9.92] | 1 study · 17 participants | Very low |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs placebo Severity of delirium change in MDAS, high = worse · end‐of‐life patients with advanced cancer and an episode of agitated delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 50 participants | Low |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs placebo Any adverse event · end‐of‐life patients with advanced cancer and an episode of agitated delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs placebo Length of hospital admission (days) · end‐of‐life patients with advanced cancer and an episode of agitated delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 58 participants | Low |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs placebo Mortality from all causes · end‐of‐life patients with advanced cancer and an episode of agitated delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.04, 3.02] | 1 study · 58 participants | Low |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs antipsychotics (chlorpromazine) Length of delirium episode · adult AIDS patients with delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs antipsychotics (chlorpromazine) Severity of delirium DRS, high = worse · adult AIDS patients with delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs antipsychotics (chlorpromazine) Any adverse event ESRS, higher = worse · adult AIDS patients with delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 19 participants | Very low |
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam) vs antipsychotics (chlorpromazine) Length of hospital admission · adult AIDS patients with delirium Benzodiazepines for treatment of patients with delirium excluding those who are cared for in an intensive… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Clinical Global (CIBIC+) · Alzheimer's disease (AD), moderate‐to‐severe Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 2797 participants | High |
Intervention NR Clinical Global: (CIBIC+) · vascular dementia, mild‐to‐moderate severity Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 757 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cognitive function: ADAS‐Cog 70‐point scale · vascular dementia, mild‐to‐moderate severity Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 569 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Performance on ADL (NOSGER self care subscale) Subscale 5 points · vascular dementia, mild‐to‐moderate severity Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 542 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Behaviour: NOSGER disturbing behaviour subscale Subscale 5 points · vascular dementia, mild‐to‐moderate severity Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 542 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Binary outcomes · vascular dementia, mild‐to‐moderate severity Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause discontinuation · vascular dementia, mild‐to‐moderate severity Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 900 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number suffering at least one adverse event · vascular dementia, mild‐to‐moderate severity Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 29 studies · 8033 participants | High |
Intervention NR Number suffering at least one serious adverse event · vascular dementia, mild‐to‐moderate severity Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 900 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Number suffering agitation as an adverse event · vascular dementia, mild‐to‐moderate severity Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 900 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Cognitive Function (SIB) · Alzheimer's disease (AD), moderate‐to‐severe Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 13 studies · 3337 participants | High |
Intervention NR Functional performance on activities of daily living: ADCS‐ADL19 54‐point scale · Alzheimer's disease (AD), moderate‐to‐severe Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 2687 participants | High |
Intervention NR Behaviour and Mood (NPI) · Alzheimer's disease (AD), moderate‐to‐severe Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 3674 participants | High |
Intervention NR Binary outcomes · Alzheimer's disease (AD), moderate‐to‐severe Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR All‐cause discontinuation · Alzheimer's disease (AD), moderate‐to‐severe Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 5087 participants | High |
Intervention NR Number suffering at least one adverse event · Alzheimer's disease (AD), moderate‐to‐severe Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 29 studies · 8033 participants | High |
Intervention NR Number suffering at least one serious adverse event · Alzheimer's disease (AD), moderate‐to‐severe Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 6482 participants | High |
Intervention NR Number suffering agitation as an adverse event · Alzheimer's disease (AD), moderate‐to‐severe Memantine for dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 4395 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Cognitive function (MMSE or ADAS‐cog+) · vascular dementia Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 420 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Quality of life · vascular dementia Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Caregiver burden · vascular dementia Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Binary outcomes · vascular dementia Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Improvement in cognitive function reported as responder rates (MMSE, ADAS‐cog+, and HDS) · vascular dementia Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 338 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Improvement in global function reported as response rates (CIBIC+ and CGI) · vascular dementia Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 379 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Non‐serious adverse events · vascular dementia Cerebrolysin for vascular dementia (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 379 participants | Very low |
Single‐component hydration intervention vs control Prevalence of delirium Not measured · people at risk of delirium in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multicomponent educational intervention vs control Severity of delirium · preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multicomponent educational intervention vs control Mortality · preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.5, 1.34] | 1 study · 215 participants | Moderate |
Multicomponent educational intervention vs control Cognitive function · preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Multicomponent educational intervention vs control Falls · preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care Interventions for preventing delirium in older people in institutional long‐term care (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |