Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

884 questions · 892 findings · 68 reviews · Anaesthesia

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No studies found 118 · 13.2%GRADE not reported 156 · 17.5%Very low 187 · 21%Low 270 · 30.3%Moderate 119 · 13.3%High 42 · 4.7%

Intervention not reported

Postoperative pain during movement (VAS 0 to 100 mm, NRS 0 to 10) (24 hours) · adult participants undergoing knee surgery (arthroscopic knee surgery or total knee replacement)

1 finding from 1 review

Adductor canal blocks for postoperative pain treatment in adults undergoing knee surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 184 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Postoperative nausea (24 hours) · adult participants undergoing knee surgery (arthroscopic knee surgery or total knee replacement)

The intervention showed no clear difference in postoperative nausea (24 hours) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adductor canal blocks for postoperative pain treatment in adults undergoing knee surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.91 [0.48, 7.58]
3 studies · 121 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Accidental falls during postoperative care (24 hours) · adult participants undergoing knee surgery (arthroscopic knee surgery or total knee replacement)

1 finding from 1 review

Adductor canal blocks for postoperative pain treatment in adults undergoing knee surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 48 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Postoperative pain at rest (VAS 0 to 100 mm, NRS 0 to 10) (2 hours) · adult participants undergoing knee surgery (arthroscopic knee surgery or total knee replacement)

1 finding from 1 review

Adductor canal blocks for postoperative pain treatment in adults undergoing knee surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 298 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Postoperative pain at rest (VAS 0 to 100 mm, NRS 0 to 10) (24 hours) · adult participants undergoing knee surgery (arthroscopic knee surgery or total knee replacement)

1 finding from 1 review

Adductor canal blocks for postoperative pain treatment in adults undergoing knee surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 868 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Postoperative pain during movement (VAS 0 to 100 mm, NRS 0 to 10) (2 hours) · adult participants undergoing knee surgery (arthroscopic knee surgery or total knee replacement)

1 finding from 1 review

Adductor canal blocks for postoperative pain treatment in adults undergoing knee surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 88 participants
Very low

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

Major complications · adults receiving intravenous fluids while undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes major complications (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.61 [0.78, 3.34]
5 studies · 484 participants
Very low

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

Mortality within the longest · adults receiving intravenous fluids while undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes all‐cause mortality (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RD 0.03 [0, 0.06]
6 studies · 544 participants
Very low

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

Length of hospital stay · adults receiving intravenous fluids while undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes length of hospital stay (days) compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 464 participants
Very low

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

Renal failure · adults receiving intravenous fluids while undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery

It is very uncertain whether perioperative restrictive fluid therapy changes renal failure (during longest compared with goal‐directed fluid therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.38 [0.57, 3.36]
4 studies · 410 participants
Very low

Perioperative restrictive fluid therapy vs goal‐directed fluid therapy

Quality of surgical recovery assessed in any way (e.g. as a surgical recovery score) (during longest · adults receiving intravenous fluids while undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative restrictive versus goal‐directed fluid therapy for adults undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 74 participants
Very low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Pain · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 116 participants
Moderate

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Return of gastrointestinal function · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes return of gastrointestinal function compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.63 [1.08, 2.47]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Time to first mobilisation · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Length of hospital stay · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 89 participants
Very low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Satisfaction with postoperative analgesia regimen · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 60 participants
Very low

Epidural analgesia vs systemic analgesia

Complications · children having undergone thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery. 3 trials included in the analysis contained participants older than 18 years:…

It is very uncertain whether epidural analgesia changes complications compared with systemic analgesia (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Postoperative epidural analgesia versus systemic analgesia for thoraco‐lumbar spine surgery in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 126 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

All‐cause mortality (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia

The intervention showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (within 30 days) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity in adults undergoing cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.47, 1.9]
29 studies · 4099 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Acute myocardial infarction (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia

The intervention showed no clear difference in acute myocardial infarction (within 30 days) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity in adults undergoing cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.72, 1.52]
25 studies · 3946 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) · adults undergoing cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes cerebrovascular events (within 30 days) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative beta‐blockers for preventing surgery‐related mortality and morbidity in adults undergoing cardiac surgery 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.37
5 studies · 1471 participants
Very low