Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

350 questions · 352 findings · 52 reviews

No studies found 87 · 24.7%GRADE not reported 32 · 9.1%Very low 98 · 27.8%Low 67 · 19%Moderate 58 · 16.5%High 10 · 2.8%

Opioids vs no opioids

Sedation and somnolence (secondary outcome 2) · participants with acute pancreatitis pain

Opioids showed no clear difference in sedation and somnolence (secondary outcome 2) compared with no opioids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE vs STANDARD DRUG CARE

Sedation/tranquillisation: Not sedated ‐ at four hours · patients with acute schizophrenia and similar serious mental illnesses

ZUCLOPENTHIXOL ACETATE showed no clear difference in sedation/tranquillisation: Not sedated ‐ at four hours compared with STANDARD DRUG CARE (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs antipsychotics

Desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ asleep at 12 hours · patients with schizophrenia

BENZODIAZEPINES showed no clear difference in desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ asleep at 12 hours compared with ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ tranquillised at 60 minutes · patients with schizophrenia

ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS may leads to higher desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ tranquillised at 60 minutes compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ asleep at 12 hours · patients with schizophrenia

ADJUNCTIVE BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS showed no clear difference in desired sedation ‐ ultra short term ‐ asleep at 12 hours compared with PLACEBO/NO ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENT + ANTIPSYCHOTICS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Primary outcome: Failure to complete procedure (due to sedation‐related problems) · Adults (over 18 years) with requirement for an ERCP procedure with diagnostic intent
1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous midazolam vs placebo

Anterograde amnesia (defined by number of participants who recalled the procedure) · adults requiring sedation before gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intravenous midazolam vs placebo

Allergic or anaphylactoid reaction · adults requiring sedation before gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review