Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

275 questions · 298 findings · 28 reviews · Dementia and Cognitive Improvement

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No studies found 47 · 15.8%GRADE not reported 9 · 3%Very low 45 · 15.1%Low 60 · 20.1%Moderate 104 · 34.9%High 33 · 11.1%

B vitamins vs placebo

Cognitive subdomain: episodic memory measured at the end of · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 397 participants
Moderate

B vitamins vs placebo

Executive function (specific cognitive function) · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 392 participants
Moderate

B vitamins vs placebo

Information processing speed · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 173 participants
Moderate

B vitamins vs placebo

Quality of life · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 138 participants
Moderate

B vitamins vs placebo

Mortality ‐ not reported · MCI

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin E vs placebo

Incidence of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 516 participants
Moderate

Vitamin E vs placebo

Cognitive function · MCI

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low

B vitamins vs placebo

Supplementation with beta‐carotene + vit C + vit E Overall cognitive functioning · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

6 findings from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 2556 participants
Moderate
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 317 participants
Low
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 6956 participants
Moderate

Show 3 more findings

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 241 participants
Low
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 3985 participants
Moderate
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 10249 participants
Low

Antioxidants vs placebo

Cognitive function · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

6 findings from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1904 participants
Moderate
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 4052 participants
Moderate

Show 3 more findings

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1 participants
Low
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 74 participants
Very low
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2 participants
Low

Antioxidants vs placebo

Supplementation with beta‐carotene + vit C + vit E Overall cognitive functioning · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20536 participants
Moderate
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1100 participants
Moderate

Antioxidants vs placebo

Incidence of dementia · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 25 participants
Low

Vitamin D3 vs placebo

Cognitive function · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

2 findings from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Moderate
Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 918 participants
Low

Vitamin D3 vs placebo

Incidence of probable dementia or MCI · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 4143 participants
Low

Zinc + copper vs placebo

Cognitive function · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1072 participants
Moderate

Zinc + copper vs placebo

Incidence of dementia or MCI · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 1072 participants
Low

B vitamins vs placebo

Incidence of dementia or MCI · cognitively healthy people in mid and late life

B vitamins showed no clear difference in incidence of MCI or dementia > 2 to 5 years of supplementation compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin and mineral supplementation for maintaining cognitive function in cognitively healthy people in mid and late… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.67, 1.18]
1 study · 1803 participants
Moderate

Methylphenidate vs placebo

Change in apathy · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for apathy in Alzheimer's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 145 participants
Low
Pharmacological interventions for apathy in Alzheimer's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 85 participants
Low

Modafinil vs placebo

Change in apathy · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for apathy in Alzheimer's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 22 participants
Low

Modafinil vs placebo

Adverse Events ‐ reported, but not analyzed in this review · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for apathy in Alzheimer's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Modafinil vs placebo

Change in NPS ‐ not investigated · Apathy in people with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for apathy in Alzheimer's disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found