Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,018 questions · 3,100 findings · 369 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 774 · 25%GRADE not reported 108 · 3.5%Very low 727 · 23.5%Low 840 · 27.1%Moderate 474 · 15.3%High 177 · 5.7%

Cannabinoids vs other anti‐emetic agent

Participant preference · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

Cannabinoids may leads to higher participant preference ( compared with other anti‐emetic agent (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.8 [1.9, 4]
9 studies · 799 participants
Low

Cannabinoids vs other anti‐emetic agent

Withdrawal for any reason (medium term: treatment duration from 5 to 8 weeks) · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

Cannabinoids may leads to higher withdrawal any reason ( compared with other anti‐emetic agent (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.5 [1.4, 9]
1 study · 42 participants
Low

Cannabinoids vs other anti‐emetic agent

Lack of efficacy withdrawal · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether cannabinoids changes withdrawal due to lack of efficacy ( compared with other anti‐emetic agent (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.97 [0.04, 21]
2 studies · 118 participants
Very low

Cannabinoids vs other anti‐emetic agent

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

Cannabinoids may leads to higher withdrawal due to adverse event ( compared with other anti‐emetic agent (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.2 [1.3, 8]
6 studies · 740 participants
Low

Cannabinoids vs placebo

Absence of vomiting ( · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

Cannabinoids may leads to higher absence of vomiting ( compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.7 [2.6, 12.6]
3 studies · 168 participants
Low

Cannabinoids vs placebo

Absence of nausea and vomiting ( · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

Cannabinoids probably leads to higher absence of nausea and vomiting ( compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.9 [1.8, 4.7]
3 studies · 288 participants
Moderate

Cannabinoids vs placebo

Participant preference · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

Cannabinoids may leads to higher participant preference ( compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.8 [1.7, 13]
2 studies · 256 participants
Low

Cannabinoids vs placebo

Withdrawal for any reason (medium term: treatment duration from 5 to 8 weeks) · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether cannabinoids changes withdrawal any reason ( compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.31 [0.01, 7]
1 study · 33 participants
Very low

Cannabinoids vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

It is very uncertain whether cannabinoids changes withdrawal due to adverse event ( compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 6.9 [1.96, 24]
2 studies · 276 participants
Very low

Cannabinoids vs other anti‐emetic agent

Absence of nausea ( · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

Cannabinoids showed no clear difference in absence of nausea ( compared with other anti‐emetic agent (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.46 [0.67, 3.15]
5 studies · 258 participants
Low

Cannabinoids vs other anti‐emetic agent

Absence of vomiting ( · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

Cannabinoids showed no clear difference in absence of vomiting ( compared with other anti‐emetic agent (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.86, 1.4]
4 studies · 209 participants
Moderate

Cannabinoids vs other anti‐emetic agent

Absence of nausea and vomiting ( · people with chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting

Cannabinoids showed no clear difference in absence of nausea and vomiting ( compared with other anti‐emetic agent (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2 [0.74, 5.4]
4 studies · 414 participants
Low

Irinotecan‐based regimens vs irinotecan

Overall survival · people with metastatic CRC

Irinotecan‐based regimens showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with irinotecan (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Second‐line systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.91 [0.79, 1.04]
6 studies · 2615 participants
Low

Irinotecan‐based regimens vs irinotecan

Tumour response · people with metastatic CRC

Irinotecan‐based regimens leads to higher overall tumour response compared with irinotecan (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Second‐line systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.87 [2.1, 3.93]
6 studies · 2577 participants
High

Irinotecan‐based regimens vs irinotecan

Severe adverse effects · people with metastatic CRC

Irinotecan‐based regimens showed no clear difference in severe adverse effects compared with irinotecan (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Second‐line systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.18 [0.96, 1.45]
6 studies · 2510 participants
Moderate

Irinotecan‐based regimens vs irinotecan

Progression‐free survival · people with metastatic CRC

Irinotecan‐based regimens probably leads to lower progression‐free survival compared with irinotecan (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Second‐line systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
HR 0.68 [0.6, 0.76]
6 studies · 2615 participants
Moderate

Fibrinolytics vs placebo

Mortality. · adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema

Fibrinolytics showed no clear difference in mortality. compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.16 [0.71, 1.91]
8 studies · 867 participants
Moderate

Fibrinolytics vs placebo

Referral for thoracic surgery (open or thorascopic) · adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema

Fibrinolytics may leads to lower referral for thoracic surgery. compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.37 [0.21, 0.68]
8 studies · 897 participants
Low

Fibrinolytics vs placebo

Serious adverse events · adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema

Fibrinolytics showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.28 [0.36, 4.57]
9 studies · 935 participants
Low

Aminophylline vs placebo

PEF (L/min) · patients with adults with acute asthma

Aminophylline showed no clear difference in PEF (L/min) ‐ at 60 min compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Addition of intravenous aminophylline to inhaled beta₂‐agonists in adults with acute asthma 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 6.24
6 studies · 302 participants
Low