Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

391 questions · 443 findings · 71 reviews

No studies found 54 · 12.2%GRADE not reported 105 · 23.7%Very low 125 · 28.2%Low 103 · 23.3%Moderate 40 · 9%High 16 · 3.6%

NSAIDs vs placebo

Adequate pain relief as reported by women · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period

NSAID may leads to higher adequate pain relief(4 hours after administration) compared with placebo (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

NSAID (single administration, any dose) vs paracetamol

Need for additional analgesia (4 hours after administration) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether NSAID (single administration, any dose) changes need for additional analgesia (4 hours after administration) compared with paracetamol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAID (single administration, any dose) vs paracetamol

Need for additional analgesia (6 hours after administration) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period

NSAID (single administration, any dose) may leads to lower need for additional analgesia (6 hours after administration) compared with paracetamol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAID (single administration, any dose) vs paracetamol

Maternal drug adverse effects (6 hours after administration) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether NSAID (single administration, any dose) changes maternal drug adverse effects (6 hours after administration) compared with paracetamol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo

Need for additional analgesia (6 hours after administration) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether NSAID changes need for additional analgesia (6 hours after administration) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAID (single administration, any dose) vs paracetamol

Relief of pain · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period

NSAID (single administration, any dose) may leads to higher adequate pain relief (4 hours after administration) compared with paracetamol (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Aspirin vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period

Aspirin may leads to higher adequate pain relief as reported by the woman (4 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin vs placebo

Need for additional pain relief (4 to 8 hours) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether aspirin changes need for additional pain relief (4 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Near-infrared (NIR) transillumination vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

Sensitivity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review

Fibre-optic transillumination (FOTI) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

Sensitivity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review

Transillumination and optical coherence tomography devices (all illumination devices combined: NIR, OCT, and FOTI/DIFOTI) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

Specificity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review

Fibre-optic transillumination (FOTI) vs Reference standard (histology, excavation, radiographs/microCT, or tooth separation)

Specificity for detection and diagnosis of early (enamel) caries · Asymptomatic children, adolescents, or adults presenting for clinical examination (in vivo studies), or extracted teeth of children or…
1 finding from 1 review