Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,679 questions · 1,720 findings · 335 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 192 · 11.2%GRADE not reported 75 · 4.4%Very low 526 · 30.6%Low 504 · 29.3%Moderate 305 · 17.7%High 118 · 6.9%

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe motor delay at 18 to 24 months) · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe motor delay at 18 to 24… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe language delay at 18 to 24 months) · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes (moderate/severe language delay at 18 to… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or transcatheter occlusion · preterm infants

Very early treatment showed no clear difference in proportion of infants requiring surgical PDA ligation or… compared with expectant management (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Very early treatment vs expectant management

Proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a hemodynamically significant PDA · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether very early treatment changes proportion of infants receiving any pharmacotherapy for a… compared with expectant management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Maternal mortality or morbidity · pregnant women with hypertensive disorders from 34 weeks' gestation to term

Planned early delivery leads to lower composite maternal mortality and morbidity compared with expectant management (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Perinatal mortality (stillbirth ‐ death of fetus prior to birth; neonatal death ‐ death within the first 28 days of birth; or infant death ‐ death after the first 28 days) · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby
1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Major neonatal morbidity · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby

Planned early delivery showed no clear difference in major neonatal morbidity one or more of the following: hypoxic… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Neurodevelopmental disability · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby

Planned early delivery showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental disability/impairment CBCL, Ages and Stages… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Significant maternal morbidity one or more of the following: significant postpartum haemorrhage requiring blood transfusion; maternal admission to intensive care unit; uterine rupture; hysterectomy · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby

Planned early delivery showed no clear difference in significant maternal morbidity one or more of the following:… compared with expectant management (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Planned early birth vs expectant management

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · pregnant women with a term suspected compromised baby

It is very uncertain whether planned early delivery changes admission to NICU compared with expectant management (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early dressing removal vs delayed dressing removal

Postoperative superficial infections · people with surgical site infection

It is very uncertain whether early dressing removal changes superficial surgical site infection Superficial surgical site… compared with delayed dressing removal (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early dressing removal vs delayed dressing removal

Superficial wound dehiscence · people with surgical site infection

It is very uncertain whether early dressing removal changes superficial wound dehiscence Superficial wound dehiscence reported… compared with delayed dressing removal (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early dressing removal vs delayed dressing removal

Serious adverse events Patients experiencing serious adverse events within 30 days of surgery · people with surgical site infection

It is very uncertain whether early dressing removal changes serious adverse events Patients experiencing serious adverse events… compared with delayed dressing removal (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review