Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

622 questions · 656 findings · 69 reviews

No studies found 129 · 19.7%GRADE not reported 71 · 10.8%Very low 210 · 32%Low 168 · 25.6%Moderate 78 · 11.9%High 0 · 0%

CBT vs No special instructions (control)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) led to lower patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no special instructions (control); GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Therapist‐supported ICBT vs face‐to‐face CBT

Clinically important improvement in anxiety at post‐treatment Indexed by a standardized interview or clinically accepted measure cut‐off score1 · adults with anxiety disorders

Therapist‐supported ICBT showed no clear difference in clinically important improvement in anxiety at post‐treatment… compared with face‐to‐face CBT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review