Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

339 questions · 346 findings · 42 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 74 · 21.4%GRADE not reported 8 · 2.3%Very low 72 · 20.8%Low 107 · 30.9%Moderate 68 · 19.7%High 17 · 4.9%

Chinese herbal medicines vs Western medicine

Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · patients with osteoporosis

1 finding from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Low

Chinese herbal medicines vs Western medicine

Femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD) · patients with osteoporosis

1 finding from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Low

Chinese herbal medicines plus western medicine vs Western medicine

New fractures · patients with osteoporosis

It is very uncertain whether chinese herbal medicines plus western medicine changes new fractures (Yigu capsule plus calcium versus placebo plus calcium) compared with western medicine (very low certainty).

4 findings from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.06 [0, 1]
1 study · 140 participants
Very low
Chinese herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.02]
1 study · 120 participants
Very low
Chinese herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.44 [0.13, 1.43]
1 study · 155 participants
Very low

Show 1 more finding

Chinese herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.22 [0.01, 5.34]
1 study · 75 participants
Very low

Chinese herbal medicines plus western medicine vs Western medicine

Quality of life (Bushenhuoxue therapy plus calcium carbonate tablets and alfacalcidol versus calcium carbonate tablets and alfacalcidol) · patients with osteoporosis

1 finding from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 80 participants
Low

Vitamin D vs placebo or no intervention

Adverse events ‐ Nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined with calcium · healthy participants or recruited among the general population; individuals diagnosed with a specific disease in a stable phase or with…

Vitamin D may leads to higher adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin… compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [1.03, 1.34]
3 studies · 42753 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined with calcium ( · adults

The intervention probably leads to higher adverse events: nephrolithiasis in trials using vitamin D3 combined… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of mortality in adults 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [1.02, 1.34]
4 studies · 42876 participants
Moderate

Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo

Calcium channel blocker (any dose) Mean duration of 3 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes

2 findings from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 133 participants
Very low
Pharmacological interventions for hypertension in children 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 133 participants
Very low

Intermittent oral vs oral calcitriol

Adverse events ‐ Calcium > 11.5 mg/dL · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 80 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo/no treatment

Change in calcium‐phosphorus product mg(2)/dL(2) · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 76 participants
Moderate

Calcitriol vs ergocalciferol

Calcium mg/dL · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 13 participants
Very low

Intraperitoneal vs oral calcitriol

Adverse events ‐ Calcium > 11 mg/dL · patients with bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Dihydropyridine vs non‐dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Predialysis systolic blood pressure · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Dihydropyridine vs non‐dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Diastolic blood pressure · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
Low

Dihydropyridine vs non‐dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Cardiovascular mortality · people with CKD requiring dialysis

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 40 participants
GRADE not reported

Dihydropyridine vs non‐dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Intradialytic hypotension · people with CKD requiring dialysis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dihydropyridine vs non‐dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers

Other side effects1,5 · people with CKD requiring dialysis

It is very uncertain whether dihydropyridine changes other side effects1,5 compared with non‐dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Calcium channel blockers for people with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.36]
1 study · 40 participants
Very low

Adenosine vs calcium channel blockers

Odds of reversion · patients with supraventricular tachycardia

1 finding from 1 review

Adenosine versus intravenous calcium channel antagonists for supraventricular tachycardia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
622 participants
Moderate

Adenosine vs calcium channel blockers

Major adverse event: hypotension · patients with supraventricular tachycardia

1 finding from 1 review

Adenosine versus intravenous calcium channel antagonists for supraventricular tachycardia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
306 participants
Low

Adenosine vs calcium channel blockers

Length of hospital stay · patients with supraventricular tachycardia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Adenosine versus intravenous calcium channel antagonists for supraventricular tachycardia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Adenosine vs calcium channel blockers

Patient satisfaction · patients with supraventricular tachycardia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Adenosine versus intravenous calcium channel antagonists for supraventricular tachycardia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found