Fever · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy
Oral showed no clear difference in fever compared with systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
UTI · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy
Oral showed no clear difference in UTI compared with systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospitalization · patients submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy
Oral showed no clear difference in hospitalization compared with systemic antibiotic (IM or IV) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of ORN · Adults with head and neck cancer undergoing curative or adjuvant radiotherapy (at risk of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws)
It is very uncertain whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) following extractions changes incidence of ORN compared with perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (penicillin G) following… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Adults with head and neck cancer undergoing curative or adjuvant radiotherapy (at risk of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws)
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects were an outcome of interest in the study conducting this comparison, however no mention was made of the presence or absence of any adverse events
1 study · 74 participants
Very low
Number of participants with symptomatic UTI · primary VUR
Probiotics showed no clear difference in all symptomatic UTI by 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Febrile UTI by 1 year · primary VUR
Probiotics showed no clear difference in febrile UTI by 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
E. coli resistance to prophylactic drug · primary VUR
Probiotics may leads to lower E. coli resistance to prophylactic drug compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Renal parenchymal defects on DMSA scan ‐ Patient data at 1 year · primary VUR
Probiotics showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal defects on DMSA scan ‐ Patient data at 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Resolution of VUR · primary VUR
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · primary VUR
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Proportion of patients who have no AOM recurrences at 6 months post‐randomisation
It is very uncertain whether grommets changes proportion of patients who have no AOM recurrences at 6 months… compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Total number of AOM recurrences at 6 months post‐randomisation
It is very uncertain whether grommets changes total number of AOM recurrences at 6 months post‐randomisation compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Interventions · people with liver cirrhosis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Rifaximin (1 RCT, 299 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes rifaximin (1 RCT, 299 participants) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.01 [0, 853.21]
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Norfloxacin (no direct RCT) · people with liver cirrhosis
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes norfloxacin (no direct RCT) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 11.85
Studies not reported
Very low
Intervention not reported
Rifaximin (3 RCTs, 418 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes rifaximin (3 RCTs, 418 participants) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Ciprofloxacin (3 RCT; 255 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes ciprofloxacin (3 RCT; 255 participants) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (1 RCT, 60 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis
The intervention may leads to lower sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (1 RCT, 60 participants) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Norfloxacin (1 RCT, 68 participants) · people with liver cirrhosis
It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes norfloxacin (1 RCT, 68 participants) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
HR 0.93 [0.31, 3.44]
Studies not reported
Very low