Subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 70 μmol/L or less) · general population over 2 years of age
It is very uncertain whether staple foods fortified with vitamin A changes subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 70 μmol/L or… compared with same unfortified staple foods (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical vitamin A deficiency (as defined by night blindness) · general population over 2 years of age
It is very uncertain whether staple foods fortified with vitamin A changes clinical vitamin A deficiency (defined as night blindness) compared with same unfortified staple foods (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
All‐cause morbidity · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Any adverse effects (e.g. hypervitaminosis A, as defined by the trialists) · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Serum/plasma retinol (μmol/L) · general population over 2 years of age
1 finding from 1 review
Subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L or less) · general population over 2 years of age
Staple foods fortified with vitamin A plus other micronutrients probably leads to lower subclinical vitamin A deficiency (serum/plasma retinol 0.70 μmol/L… compared with same unfortified staple foods (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical vitamin A deficiency (as defined by night blindness) · general population over 2 years of age
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Mortality (respiratory events) ‐ not reported · General population, as well as age‐specific subgroups (< 1 year; < 14 years; > 65 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Particulate matter (PM10) · General population, as well as age‐specific subgroups (< 1 year; < 14 years; > 65 years)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) · General population, as well as age‐specific subgroups (< 1 year; < 14 years; > 65 years)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Coarse particulate matter · General population, as well as age‐specific subgroups (< 1 year; < 14 years; > 65 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Combustion‐related particulate matter · General population, as well as age‐specific subgroups (< 1 year; < 14 years; > 65 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
All‐cause mortality · General population, as well as age‐specific subgroups (< 1 year; < 14 years; > 65 years)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Cardiovascular mortality · General population, as well as age‐specific subgroups (< 1 year; < 14 years; > 65 years)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Length (cm) · children under 5 years old
Nutrition systems strengthening interventions targeting children may leads to higher length (cm) at 18 months compared with no intervention or standard care to reduce stunting (height‐for‐age,… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length velocity (change in cm since start of supplementation) · children under 5 years old
1 finding from 1 review
Length velocity (cm/month) · children under 5 years old
It is very uncertain whether micronutrient or macronutrient supplementation interventions in… changes length velocity (cm/month) compared with no intervention, or placebo to reduce stunting (height‐for‐age,… (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length (cm) · children under 5 years old
Micronutrient or macronutrient supplementation interventions in… showed no clear difference in length (cm) at 12 months compared with no intervention, or placebo to reduce stunting (height‐for‐age,… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Tobacco use · children and young people aged 0 to 18 years
The intervention showed no clear difference in tobacco use (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review