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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

128 questions · 130 findings · 92 reviews

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No studies found 12 · 9.2%GRADE not reported 10 · 7.7%Very low 36 · 27.7%Low 46 · 35.4%Moderate 18 · 13.8%High 8 · 6.2%

Prebiotic vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with mild‐to‐moderate disease (Rachmilewitz index) or active disease (SCCAI score of 4 to 10)

It is very uncertain whether prebiotics changes withdrawals due to adverse events (14 days to 2 or 3 months) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oestrogen in combination with progestogen (sequential or continuous) vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · women with PMS

It is very uncertain whether oestrogen in combination with progestogen (sequential or continuous) changes withdrawal due to adverse events over 2 to 4 menstrual cycles1 compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Methotrexate vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · psoriatic arthritis

Methotrexate showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events (WAEs) assessed by number of events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs placebo or sham acupuncture

Adverse events Adverse events includes withdrawal and drop‐outs that could be clearly identified as due to an adverse event · patients with fibromyalgia

Acupuncture showed no clear difference in adverse events Adverse events includes withdrawal and drop‐outs that… compared with placebo or sham acupuncture (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review