What do systematic reviews say?

Immunomodulatory drug maintenance therapy vs placebo/observation

It is very uncertain whether immunomodulatory drug maintenance therapy changes treatment discontinuation compared with placebo/observation (very low certainty).

• Maintenance therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Risk ratio 0.71 [0.47, 1.05]
  2 studies · 400 participants
  Very low

Anti‐CD20 mAb maintenance therapy vs observation

Anti‐CD20 mAb maintenance therapy showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with observation (low certainty).

• Maintenance therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Risk ratio 0.93 [0.72, 1.2]
  6 studies · 1321 participants
  Low

Pegylated (PEG) interferon alpha‐2a vs standard interferon

Pegylated interferon alpha‐2a showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with standard interferon (low certainty).

• Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.11 [0.01, 1.96]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Low

High vs low dose pegylated interferon alpha‐2a or alpha‐2b

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Standard interferon plus ribavirin vs standard interferon

Standard interferon plus ribavirin may leads to higher treatment discontinuation compared with standard interferon alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.97 [1.19, 7.36]
  1 study · 52 participants
  Low

Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin vs pegylated interferon alone

Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with pegylated interferon alone (low certainty).

• Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.71 [0.69, 4.24]
  1 study · 377 participants
  Low

Direct antivirals (grazoprevir and elbasvir) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Pegylated interferon + ribavirin (24 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) vs pegylated interferon (48 weeks) + initial telepravir (12 weeks) + initial low dose ribavirin (12 + 36 weeks)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Standard interferon vs placebo or control

Standard interferon showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.59 [0.49, 42.69]
  4 studies · 116 participants
  Moderate

Antifungal prophylaxis vs no antifungal prophylaxis

Antifungal prophylaxis showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with no antifungal prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

• Primary antifungal prophylaxis for cryptococcal disease in HIV‐positive people 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.91, 1.13]
  4 studies · 2317 participants
  Moderate

Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment

Scheduled PDE5I showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with on demand placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

• Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.85, 1.48]
  1 study · 420 participants
  Moderate

Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I

Scheduled PDE5I showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with on demand PDE5I (low certainty).

• Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.35 [0.85, 2.12]
  1 study · 282 participants
  Low

Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand PDE5I

It is very uncertain whether scheduled PDE5I changes treatment discontinuation compared with on demand PDE5I (very low certainty).

• Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.86, 1.38]
  3 studies · 612 participants
  Very low

Scheduled PDE5I vs on demand placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether scheduled PDE5I changes treatment discontinuation compared with on demand placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Penile rehabilitation for postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.72, 1.34]
  3 studies · 443 participants
  Very low

Imiquimod vs cidofovir

Summary of findings for imiquimod showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with cidofovir (moderate certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of usual‐type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [0.65, 2.74]
  1 study · 176 participants
  Moderate

Imiquimod vs cidofovir

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Medical interventions for high‐grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Injectional interferon alpha‐2B vs Normal saline

It is very uncertain whether injectional interferon alpha‐2B changes discontinuation from treatment compared with saline (very low certainty).

• Non‐surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.63 [0.22, 1.76]
  1 study · 117 participants
  Very low

Injectional nicardipine vs Normal saline

It is very uncertain whether injectional nicardipine changes discontinuation from treatment compared with saline (very low certainty).

• Non‐surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.25, 2.05]
  1 study · 74 participants
  Very low

Injectional betamethasone vs Normal saline

• Non‐surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Injectional collagenase vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found
• Non‐surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [0.84, 1.86]
  1 study · 836 participants
  Very low