What do systematic reviews say?

Phenylephrine vs norepinephrine

It is very uncertain whether phenylephrine changes total mortalitya compared with norepinephrine (very low certainty).

• Vasopressors for hypotensive shock 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.76, 1.55]
  2 studies · 86 participants
  Very low

Epinephrine vs norepinephrine

Epinephrine showed no clear difference in total mortalitya compared with norepinephrine (low certainty).

• Vasopressors for hypotensive shock 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.63, 1.25]
  1 study · 269 participants
  Low

Cyanoacrylate vs alcohol

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate changes mortality Total deaths at 30 days compared with alcohol (very low certainty).

• Endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate glue versus other endoscopic procedures for acute bleeding gastric varices in… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.09, 2.04]
  1 study · 37 participants
  Very low

First‐line thiazides vs alpha‐blocker

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total mortality Duration: 3.2 years compared with first‐line alpha‐blockers (moderate certainty).

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.88, 1.09]
  1 study · 24316 participants
  Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs ACE inhibitor

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total mortality Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line ACE inhibitors (moderate certainty).

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.95, 1.07]
  3 studies · 30961 participants
  Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs calcium channel blockers

First‐line thiazides showed no clear difference in total mortality Duration: 1 to 5 years compared with first‐line calcium channel blockers (moderate certainty).

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08]
  7 studies · 35417 participants
  Moderate

First‐line thiazides vs beta‐blocker

• First‐line diuretics versus other classes of antihypertensive drugs for hypertension 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 18241 participants
  Moderate

Cyanoacrylate vs band ligation

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate changes mortality Total of deaths and the end of compared with band ligation (very low certainty).

• Endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate glue versus other endoscopic procedures for acute bleeding gastric varices in… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.52, 1.31]
  4 studies · 365 participants
  Very low

Cyanoacrylate 1 mL vs cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL

It is very uncertain whether cyanoacrylate 1 mL changes total mortality Total deaths and the end of compared with cyanoacrylate 0.5 mL (very low certainty).

• Endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate glue versus other endoscopic procedures for acute bleeding gastric varices in… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.65, 1.6]
  1 study · 91 participants
  Very low

Lower blood pressure targets vs standard blood pressure targets

Lower blood pressure targets showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with standard blood pressure targets (moderate certainty).

• Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.91, 1.23]
  7 studies · 9595 participants
  Moderate

Beta‐blockers vs placebo

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.88, 1.11]
  4 studies · 23613 participants
  Moderate

Beta‐blockers vs calcium channel blockers

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with calcium‐channel blockers (moderate certainty).

• Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [1, 1.14]
  4 studies · 44825 participants
  Moderate

Beta‐blockers vs diuretics

Beta‐blockers showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with diuretics (moderate certainty).

• Beta‐blockers for hypertension 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.91, 1.19]
  5 studies · 18241 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in total mortality Systolic targets (low certainty).

• Blood pressure targets for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.84, 1.3]
  1 study · 4734 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes total mortality Diastolic targets (very low certainty).

• Blood pressure targets for hypertension in people with diabetes mellitus 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.53, 1.01]
  4 studies · 2580 participants
  Very low