Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 4 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 2 · 28.6%Very low 0 · 0%Low 2 · 28.6%Moderate 3 · 42.9%High 0 · 0%

Vitamin E vs placebo, no placebo or other supplements

Stillbirth · pregnant women receiving vitamin E supplementation or control, living in areas where there is either inadequate dietary intake of vitamin…

Any vitamin E supplementation showed no clear difference in stillbirth compared with placebo, no placebo or other supplements (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E supplementation in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.88, 1.56]
9 studies · 19023 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Stillbirth · All pregnant women receiving either vitamin C supplementation or control either in areas where there is inadequate dietary intake or where…

The intervention showed no clear difference in stillbirth (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [0.89, 1.49]
11 studies · 20038 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Stillbirth · pregnant women

The intervention showed no clear difference in stillbirth (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.31, 2.15]
1 study · 529 participants
Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Stillbirth · pregnant women

Nutritional education showed no clear difference in stillbirth compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.37 [0.07, 1.9]
1 study · 431 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Stillbirth · pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Balanced protein and energy supplementation vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Stillbirth · pregnant women

Balanced protein and energy supplementation probably leads to lower stillbirth compared with control or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.6 [0.39, 0.94]
5 studies · 3408 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) · infants of pregnant women

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo‐inositol for preventing gestational diabetes 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported