Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

271 questions · 282 findings · 120 reviews

No studies found 54 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 16 · 5.7%Very low 81 · 28.7%Low 75 · 26.6%Moderate 39 · 13.8%High 17 · 6%

Probiotics used as adjuvants to conventional antifungal drugs vs conventional antifungal drugs

Rate of serious adverse events · non‐pregnant women with vulvovaginal candidiasis

Probiotics used as adjuvants to conventional antifungal drugs showed no clear difference in rate of serious adverse events compared with conventional antifungal drugs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Maternal serious adverse events · pregnant women

The intervention showed no clear difference in maternal serious adverse events (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events for neonate/infant · pregnant women and their babies

The intervention may leads to lower serious adverse events for neonate/infant (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Evening vs morning dosing regimen

Serious adverse events · adults with primary (essential) hypertension whose systolic or diastolic (or both) blood pressure levels were 130/80 mmHg or greater

It is very uncertain whether evening changes serious adverse events compared with morning dosing regimen (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs probiotic

Serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with probiotic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs rifaximin

Serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with rifaximin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs lactulose

Serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with lactulose (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Total serious adverse events Systolic targets · Diabetes Mellitus with elevated blood pressure

The intervention showed no clear difference in total serious adverse events Systolic targets (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactulose vs lactitol

Non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether lactulose changes non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) compared with lactitol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review