What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in retention at treatment completion (MIB interventions vs. control) (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.89, 1.06]
  3 studies · 355 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in short term treatment retention (Any psychosocial intervention vs.… (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.9, 1.1]
  6 studies · 514 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in retention at treatment completion (Any psychosocial intervention vs.… (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.93, 1.06]
  9 studies · 743 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Psychosocial interventions for cannabis use disorder 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1424 participants
  Moderate

Motivational interviewing vs treatment

Motivational interviewing (MI) showed no clear difference in retention ‐ end of treatment compared with treatment (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.87, 1.06]
  1 study · 256 participants
  Low

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) vs assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption

Brief motivational interviewing (BMI) showed no clear difference in retention ‐ end of treatment compared with assessment‐only to reduce alcohol consumption (moderate certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.94, 1.02]
  1 study · 190 participants
  Moderate

Motivational interviewing intensive (MII) vs motivational interviewing (MI) to reduce alcohol consumption

Motivational interviewing intensive (MII) may leads to higher retention ‐ end of treatment compared with motivational interviewing (MI) to reduce alcohol consumption (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 17.63 [1.03, 300.48]
  1 study · 163 participants
  Low

Cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) vs Twelve Step Facilitation

It is very uncertain whether cognitive‐behavioural coping skills training (CBCST) changes retention ‐ end of treatment compared with twelve‐step facilitation (TSF) programme to reduce alcohol consumption (very low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in concurrent problem alcohol and illicit drug users 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.62, 1.29]
  1 study · 41 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in retention at treatment completion (CM vs. control) (low certainty).

• Psychosocial interventions for pregnant women in outpatient illicit drug treatment programs compared to other… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.92, 1.16]
  6 studies · 388 participants
  Low