What do systematic reviews say?

Chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Very low

Concomitant (concurrent) chemoradiotherapy vs chemoradiotherapy plus surgery

• Chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy plus surgery for esophageal cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 165 participants
  Very low

Initiation of prophylactic therapy guided by colonoscopy vs initiation of prophylactic therapy immediately after surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Colonoscopy‐guided therapy for the prevention of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn’s disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 2): second‐line chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1638 participants
  Very low

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy vs chemotherapy alone

Chemmotherapy combined with biological therapy showed no clear difference in quality of life (QoL) compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.88 [0.74, 1.04]
  2 studies · 1154 participants
  Low

Prebiotics and anti‐inflammatory therapy vs anti‐inflammatory therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Prebiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Biological therapy vs placebo, best supportive care (BSC) or no treatment

• Salvage systemic therapy for advanced gastric and oesophago‐gastric junction adenocarcinoma 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 283 participants
  Low

Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Biofeedback plus standard therapy vs sham biofeedback plus standard therapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Biofeedback for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intensification of prophylactic therapy guided by colonoscopy vs intensification guided by clinical recurrence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Colonoscopy‐guided therapy for the prevention of post‐operative recurrence of Crohn’s disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 3): chemotherapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  450 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 4): targeted therapy agent plus control intervention vs control intervention

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 2054 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1870 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 1): chemotherapy or targeted therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) vs BSC

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1129 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Molecular‐targeted therapy plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

• Molecular‐targeted first‐line therapy for advanced gastric cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 53 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 1772 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings table (subcomparison 5): chemotherapy or targeted therapy agent(s) plus control intervention vs control intervention

• Palliative chemotherapy and targeted therapies for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 156 participants
  Very low

Active cancer therapy combined with TCM vs active cancer therapy

Active cancer therapy combined with TCM may leads to higher quality of life ‐ number experiencing improvement compared with active cancer therapy (low certainty).

• Chinese herbal medicine for oesophageal cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.2 [1.42, 3.39]
  5 studies · 233 participants
  Low

Active cancer therapy combined with TCM vs active cancer therapy

Active cancer therapy combined with TCM may leads to lower quality of life ‐ number experiencing deterioration compared with active cancer therapy (low certainty).

• Chinese herbal medicine for oesophageal cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.41 [0.27, 0.62]
  6 studies · 287 participants
  Low

Active cancer therapy combined with TCM vs active cancer therapy

• Chinese herbal medicine for oesophageal cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low