What do systematic reviews say?

Ai Chi Exercises vs sham

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 73 participants
  Very low

Amifostine vs no treatment/placebo

Amifostine showed no clear difference in quality of life compared with no treatment/placebo; GRADE not reported.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of RT; up to 3 months postRT
  MD 0.52 [-0.02, 1.06]
  1 study · 233 participants
  GRADE not reported

Antiseptic mouthrinse vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No quality of life data were reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Bethanechol vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data on either quality of life or other oral related symptoms were reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Chinese medicine vs no treatment/placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of intervention to 3 months postRT
  Insufficient evidence to determine any effect on quality of life (Lin 2014; Analysis 6.5)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Amifostine (intravenous) vs Amifostine (subcutaneous)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data on either quality of life or other oral related symptoms were reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Venalot Depot (coumarin plus troxerutin) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data on either quality of life or other oral related symptoms were reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Amifostine 200 mg/m2 three times weekly vs Amifostine 200 mg/m2 five times weekly

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  End of RT and 6, 12, 18, 24 months postRT
  No significant differences between the three treatment arms (Jellema 2006)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Bethanechol vs Artificial saliva

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No data on either quality of life or other oral related symptoms were reported.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Rosuvastatin vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for treating heart failure in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 39 participants
  Very low

Carvedilol vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for treating heart failure in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Electrostimulation (device) vs Placebo (sham/placebo device)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Acupuncture vs sham

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the management of dry mouth: non‐pharmacological interventions 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Surgery vs preoperative pharmacological therapy and surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting pituitary… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Medical or surgical intervention, or both, for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease vs nil intervention, delayed intervention control, or placebo

• Pharmacological and surgical interventions for the treatment of gastro‐oesophageal reflux in adults and children with… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 1595 participants
  Low

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 148 participants
  Very low

Tricylic antidepressant vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Hydrocortisone vs placebo

• Early pharmacological interventions for prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in individuals… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 43 participants
  Very low

Surgery vs Pharmacological therapy

Surgery alone showed no clear difference in health‐related quality of life Mean AcroQoL score (0‐100) compared with pharmacological therapy alone (low certainty).

• Surgical and non‐surgical interventions for primary and salvage treatment of growth hormone‐secreting pituitary… 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 10
  1 study · 22 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Kappa‐opioid agonists vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for pruritus in adult palliative care patients 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found