Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3 questions · 3 findings · 3 reviews

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 33.3%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 2 · 66.7%High 0 · 0%

Combined inhalers vs LABA

Pneumonia · COPD

Combined inhalers probably leads to higher pneumonia compared with LABAs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic… 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.55 [1.2, 2.01]
12 studies · 11076 participants
Moderate

Once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers vs once‐daily LAMA

Pneumonia · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes pneumonia compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Once‐daily long‐acting beta₂‐agonists/inhaled corticosteroids combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting muscarinic… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 6.12 [0.73, 51.24]
2 studies · 880 participants
Very low

Combined inhalers vs placebo (outcomes

Pneumonia · COPD

Combined inhalers probably leads to higher pneumonia Duration of 18 months3 compared with placebo (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Combined corticosteroid and long‐acting beta₂‐agonist in one inhaler versus placebo for chronic obstructive pulmonary… 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.62 [1.36, 1.94]
14 studies · 9620 participants
Moderate