Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

81 questions · 83 findings · 41 reviews · Musculoskeletal

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No studies found 15 · 18.1%GRADE not reported 2 · 2.4%Very low 8 · 9.6%Low 30 · 36.1%Moderate 15 · 18.1%High 13 · 15.7%

Massage + ultrasound and placebo ointment vs ultrasound + placebo ointment only

Pain Visual analog scale Scale from 0 to 100 (lower is better) · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis

1 finding from 1 review

Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Massage + ultrasound and placebo ointment vs ultrasound + placebo ointment only

Proportion reporting pain relief of 30% or greater not measured · patients with extensor carpi radialis tendinitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs placebo injection

Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs placebo injection

Overall pain (change from baseline) Shoulder Pain and Disability Questionnaire (SPADI, 0‐100) (lower scores = less pain)a · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 86 participants
Low

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs placebo injection

Function (change from baseline) Shoulder Pain and Disability Questionnaire (SPADI, 0‐100) (lower scores = better function)f · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 86 participants
Low

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs glucocorticoid injection

Participant‐reported pain relief of 30% or greater · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs glucocorticoid injection

Overall pain (change from baseline) Shoulder Pain and Disability Questionnaire (SPADI, 0‐100) (lower scores = less pain)a · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 86 participants
Low

Combination of manual therapy, exercise, electrotherapy and placebo injection vs glucocorticoid injection

Function (change from baseline) Shoulder Pain and Disability Questionnaire (SPADI, 0‐100) (lower scores = better function)f · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 86 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy vs placebo adjunctive therapies

Pain · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive therapies in addition to land‐based exercise therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
22 studies · 1428 participants
Low

Tramadol vs placebo

Pain · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 3972 participants
Moderate

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs placebo

Pain · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol for osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 614 participants
Moderate

Celecoxib vs placebo

Pain · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Celecoxib for osteoarthritis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1622 participants
High

Febuxostat 80 mg/day vs placebo

Pain · people with chronic gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Febuxostat for treating chronic gout 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Febuxostat 120 mg/day vs placebo

Pain · patients with chronic cout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Febuxostat for treating chronic gout 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Febuxostat 40 mg/day vs placebo

Pain · people with chronic gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Febuxostat for treating chronic gout 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Paracetamol vs placebo

Mean change in pain (0–100 scale) Short term (3–12 weeks), where 0 = no pain · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Paracetamol showed no clear difference in mean change in pain (0–100 scale) Short term (3–12 weeks), where 0 =… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol versus placebo for knee and hip osteoarthritis 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 2355 participants
High

Manual therapy and exercise vs placebo

Overall pain · rotator cuff disease

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for rotator cuff disease 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 120 participants
High

Low‐level laser therapy vs placebo

Overall pain · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) vs placebo

Overall pain · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · adults with Raynaud's phenomenon (primary or secondary)

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low