Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

32 questions · 34 findings · 15 reviews

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No studies found 7 · 20.6%GRADE not reported 5 · 14.7%Very low 17 · 50%Low 5 · 14.7%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Hypnosis vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain intensity · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 22 participants
Very low

Neurofeedback vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain intensity · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Hypnosis vs relaxation

Reduction in pain intensity · Adults over 18 years of age with chronic orofacial pain (temporomandibular disorder (TMD))

Hypnosis led to lower pain intensity (short term) compared with relaxation; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychosocial interventions for the management of chronic orofacial pain 2011 · Cochrane All outcomes
Short term
MD -1.84 [-3.26, -0.42]
2 studies · 81 participants
GRADE not reported

Hypnosis vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain interference · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 22 participants
Very low

Neurofeedback vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain interference · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Occlusal splint vs Behavioural therapy (counselling, CBT, relaxation, self-care management)

Self-reported joint pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal interventions for managing temporomandibular disorders 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
Listed in Summary of findings 4 as 'Not reported'; this outcome was not reported by any included study for this comparison.
0 studies
No studies found

Stabilisation splint (SS) vs relaxation

Pain (reduction in pain on palpation) · Patients with pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS) of all degrees of severity

1 finding from 1 review

Stabilisation splint therapy for temporomandibular pain dysfunction syndrome 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 months or less
SS vs relaxation (Okeson 1983; Winocur 2002): reduction in pain on palpation. Okeson 1983 showed a significant reduction favouring SS; Winocur 2002 did not. Significant heterogeneity (P<0.01, I2=98.3%) meant the data…
2 studies
GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Exercise plus usual pharmacological care vs another intervention (education, joint aids, or relaxation) plus usual pharmacological care

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · systemic lupus erythematosus

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise as adjunctive therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 121 participants
Low

Music vs control

Satisfaction with pain relief · women in labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Yoga vs control

Participant‐reported pain intensity VAS (0‐10, lower score = less pain) · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 66 participants
Low

Music vs control

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 217 participants
Very low

Yoga vs control

Satisfaction with pain relief · women in labour

1 finding from 1 review

Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 66 participants
Low