What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival (Duration of (high certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.84, 1.05]
  4 studies · 3848 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 2‐year survival rate (moderate certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.93, 1.12]
  7 studies · 4420 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 3‐year survival rate (moderate certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.9, 1.09]
  7 studies · 4420 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 5‐year survival rate (moderate certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.86, 1.12]
  7 studies · 4389 participants
  Moderate

Boost vs no boost

Boost showed no clear difference in overall survival: mortality at 5 years compared with no boost (moderate certainty).

• Tumour bed boost radiotherapy for women after breast‐conserving surgery 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.04 [0.94, 1.14]
  2 studies · 6342 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 1‐year survival rate  (low certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08]
  7 studies · 4420 participants
  Low

Amifostine 200 mg/m2 three times weekly vs Amifostine 200 mg/m2 five times weekly

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Insufficient evidence reported on overall survival or locoregional tumour control (Analysis 4.2; 4.3)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Summary of Findings Table ‐ PBI?APBI vs WBRT

Summary of Findings Table ‐ PBI?APBI showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with WBRT (high certainty).

• Partial breast irradiation versus whole breast radiotherapy for early breast cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.88, 1.12]
  8 studies · 13175 participants
  High

Anti‐cancer therapy vs best supportive care

Anti‐cancer therapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with best supportive care (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.08 [0.88, 1.33]
  4 studies · 298 participants
  Moderate

Fluoropyrimidine combinations vs fluoropyrimidine alone

Fluoropyrimidine combinations showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with fluoropyrimidine alone (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.84 [0.61, 1.15]
  4 studies · 491 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy probably leads to higher overall survival ‐ 5FU compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.69 [1.26, 2.27]
  1 study · 126 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall Survival (median (low certainty).

• Surgery or radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy versus surgery or radiosurgery alone for brain metastases 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.11 [0.83, 1.48]
  5 studies · 663 participants
  Low

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ‐ CO‐101 compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.07 [0.86, 1.34]
  1 study · 367 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ‐ ZD9331 compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.86 [0.42, 1.76]
  1 study · 55 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival ‐ Exatecan compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.27 [0.96, 1.68]
  1 study · 339 participants
  Moderate

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival ‐ FOLFIRINOX compared with gemcitabine (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.51 [0.43, 0.6]
  2 studies · 652 participants
  Moderate

Gemcitabine combinations vs gemcitabine

Gemcitabine combinations leads to lower overall survival ‐ Gemcitabine plus taxane compared with gemcitabine alone (high certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.72 [0.62, 0.84]
  1 study · 861 participants
  High

Chemotherapy vs gemcitabine

Various types of chemotherapy leads to lower overall survival ‐ Fixed dose rate gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine (high certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.79 [0.66, 0.94]
  2 studies · 644 participants
  High

Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) + stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) vs WBRT

WBRT and radiosurgery showed no clear difference in overall survivalNo. of participants: 358(2 RCTs) compared with WBRT (moderate certainty).

• Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.61 [0.27, 1.39]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Radiosurgery alone vs WBRT and radiosurgery

Radiosurgery alone showed no clear difference in overall survivalNo. of participants: 403(3 RCTs) compared with WBRT and radiosurgery (moderate certainty).

• Whole brain radiotherapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple brain metastases 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1 [0.8, 1.25]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate