What do systematic reviews say?

Boost vs no boost

Boost showed no clear difference in overall survival: mortality at 5 years compared with no boost (moderate certainty).

• Tumour bed boost radiotherapy for women after breast‐conserving surgery 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.04 [0.94, 1.14]
  2 studies · 6342 participants
  Moderate

Bortezomib vs no bortezomib

Bortezomib leads to lower overall Survival ‐ Bortezomib versus no bortezomib (different… compared with no bortezomib (high certainty).

• Bortezomib for the treatment of multiple myeloma 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Odds Ratio 0.76 [0.67, 0.88]
  5 studies · 2532 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 1‐year survival rate  (low certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08]
  7 studies · 4420 participants
  Low

Amifostine 200 mg/m2 three times weekly vs Amifostine 200 mg/m2 five times weekly

• Pharmacological interventions for preventing dry mouth and salivary gland dysfunction following radiotherapy 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Insufficient evidence reported on overall survival or locoregional tumour control (Analysis 4.2; 4.3)
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings 2: PLD alone vs other conventional chemotherapy

Summary of findings 2: PLD alone showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with other conventional chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.96 [0.77, 1.19]
  6 studies · 1995 participants
  Moderate

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.98 [0.91, 1.46]
  2 studies · 275 participants
  Moderate
• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.02 [0.91, 1.15]
  2 studies · 1607 participants
  Moderate

Recombinant human adenovirus‐p53 and 5‐fluorouracil (rAd‐p53/5‐Fu) plus transarterial chemoembolisation vs chemoembolisation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

E1B‐deleted (dl1520) adenovirus vs percutaneous alcohol injection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Gene therapy for people with hepatocellular carcinoma 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Weekly paclitaxel vs three‐weekly paclitaxel

It is very uncertain whether weekly paclitaxel changes overall survival compared with three‐weekly paclitaxel (very low certainty).

• Taxane monotherapy regimens for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.66, 1.33]
  2 studies · 263 participants
  Very low

175 mg/m2 paclitaxel vs 250 mg/m2 paclitaxel

175 mg/m2 paclitaxel showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with 250 mg/m2 paclitaxel (low certainty).

• Taxane monotherapy regimens for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.97 [0.77, 1.23]
  1 study · 330 participants
  Low

135 mg/m2 paclitaxel vs 175 mg/m2 paclitaxel

135 mg/m2 paclitaxel showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with 175 mg/m2 paclitaxel (low certainty).

• Taxane monotherapy regimens for the treatment of recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.96 [0.77, 1.19]
  1 study · 407 participants
  Low

Next‐generation ALK inhibitor vs crizotinib

Next‐generation ALK inhibitor probably leads to lower overall survival compared with crizotinib (moderate certainty).

• Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.71 [0.56, 0.9]
  5 studies · 1263 participants
  Moderate

Summary of Findings Table ‐ PBI?APBI vs WBRT

Summary of Findings Table ‐ PBI?APBI showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with WBRT (high certainty).

• Partial breast irradiation versus whole breast radiotherapy for early breast cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.88, 1.12]
  8 studies · 13175 participants
  High

Pazopanib plus lapatinib vs lapatinib

Pazopanib plus lapatinib may leads to higher overall survival compared with lapatinib (low certainty).

• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting therapy for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 2.71 [1.16, 6.31]
  1 study · 117 participants
  Low

Pazopanib vs lapatinib

Pazopanib showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with lapatinib (low certainty).

• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting therapy for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.96 [0.67, 1.38]
  1 study · 152 participants
  Low

Fluoropyrimidine combinations vs fluoropyrimidine alone

Fluoropyrimidine combinations showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with fluoropyrimidine alone (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.84 [0.61, 1.15]
  4 studies · 491 participants
  Low

5‐FU/cisplatin/anthracycline combinations vs 5‐FU/anthracycline combinations (without cisplatin)

5‐FU/cisplatin/anthracycline combinations may leads to lower overall survival compared with 5‐FU/anthracycline combinations (without cisplatin) (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.82 [0.73, 0.92]
  7 studies · 1147 participants
  Low

Irinotecan vs non‐irinotecan‐containing regimens

Irinotecan probably leads to lower overall survival compared with non‐irinotecan‐containing regimens (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.87 [0.8, 0.95]
  10 studies · 2135 participants
  Moderate

Docetaxel vs non‐docetaxel‐containing regimens

Docetaxel leads to lower overall survival compared with non‐docetaxel‐containing regimens (high certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.86 [0.78, 0.95]
  8 studies · 2001 participants
  High

Capecitabine vs 5‐FU‐containing regimens

Capecitabine showed no clear difference in overall Survival compared with 5‐FU‐containing regimens (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.79, 1.11]
  5 studies · 732 participants
  Moderate