What do systematic reviews say?

Early and late (day 1 to 28 after birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Late (seven days or more following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Early (less than seven days following birth) higher vs lower sodium intake

• Higher versus lower sodium intake for preterm infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Lower vs higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm infants at birth

Lower showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental disability compared with higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations… (low certainty).

• Lower versus higher oxygen concentrations titrated to target oxygen saturations during resuscitation of preterm… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.82 [0.49, 1.35]
  2 studies · 208 participants
  Low

Dexamethasone vs betamethasone – child outcomes

Dexamethasone showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental disability at compared with betamethasone – child outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.85, 1.22]
  2 studies · 1151 participants
  Moderate

Formula vs donor breast milk

Formula showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental disability compared with donor breast milk (moderate certainty).

• Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.62, 2.35]
  2 studies · 400 participants
  Moderate

Magnesium sulphate vs placebo (outcomes

It is very uncertain whether magnesium sulphate changes major neurodevelopmental disability (school age)** compared with placebo (outcomes (very low certainty).

• Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.53, 1.62]
  2 studies · 940 participants
  Very low

Magnesium sulphate vs placebo (outcomes

Magnesium sulphate showed no clear difference in death or major neurodevelopmental disability (up to school age)** compared with placebo (outcomes (low certainty).

• Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.59, 1.12]
  1 study · 503 participants
  Low
• Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.85, 1.07]
  3 studies · 4279 participants
  Moderate

Magnesium sulphate vs placebo (outcomes

Magnesium sulphate showed no clear difference in major neurodevelopmental disability (up to 2 years' corrected age)** compared with placebo (outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.83, 1.44]
  1 study · 987 participants
  Moderate

Intramuscular (IM) progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

• Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vaginal progesterone vs no treatment or placebo

• Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported