What do systematic reviews say?

Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control

It is very uncertain whether community health educational intervention for family members and… changes neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers only compared with control (very low certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.77, 1.05]
  13 studies · 270294 participants
  Very low

Comparison 1: antibiotic alone or antibiotic with other newborn care interventions vs usual care

Comparison 1: antibiotic alone or antibiotic with other newborn care… showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality ‐ antibiotics alone compared with standard care (moderate certainty).

• Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.89, 1.29]
  1 study · 18747 participants
  Moderate
• Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and middle‐income… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.76 [0.62, 0.94]
  4 studies · 106387 participants
  Moderate

Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control

It is very uncertain whether community health educational intervention for family members and… changes late neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers only compared with control (very low certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.31, 0.78]
  7 studies · 110255 participants
  Very low

Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control

It is very uncertain whether community health educational intervention for family members and… changes early neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers only compared with control (very low certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.68, 0.9]
  8 studies · 222491 participants
  Very low

Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control

Community health educational intervention for family members and… may leads to lower neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers and family members compared with control (low certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.74, 0.95]
  13 studies · 282817 participants
  Low

Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control

Community health educational intervention for family members and… may leads to lower late neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers and family… compared with control (low certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.51, 0.92]
  4 studies · 76388 participants
  Low

Community health educational intervention for family members and mothers and for mothers only (subgroup) vs control

It is very uncertain whether community health educational intervention for family members and… changes early neonatal mortality ‐ Intervention given to mothers and family… compared with control (very low certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.7 [0.56, 0.87]
  7 studies · 99097 participants
  Very low

Perinatal death review and audit as part of an intervention package including an educational outreach visit and morbidity/mortality conferences vs no intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Death audits and reviews for reducing maternal, perinatal and child mortality 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Community health educational interventions vs control

Community health educational interventions may leads to lower neonatal mortality compared with control (low certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.78, 0.96]
  26 studies · 553111 participants
  Low
• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.79, 0.98]
  22 studies · 497258 participants
  Moderate

Community health educational interventions vs control

It is very uncertain whether community health educational interventions changes late neonatal mortality compared with control (very low certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.4, 0.74]
  11 studies · 186643 participants
  Very low
• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.51 [0.36, 0.72]
  9 studies · 150867 participants
  Moderate

Community health educational interventions vs control

It is very uncertain whether community health educational interventions changes early neonatal mortality compared with control (very low certainty).

• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.74 [0.66, 0.84]
  15 studies · 321588 participants
  Very low
• Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in low‐ and… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.62, 0.82]
  11 studies · 26472 participants
  Moderate

Maternal death review and audit as part of an intervention package including the ALARM course and training audit committees vs no intervention

• Death audits and reviews for reducing maternal, perinatal and child mortality 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 46 participants
  Low

Maternal death review and audit as part of an intervention package including the ALARM course and training audit committees vs no intervention

• Death audits and reviews for reducing maternal, perinatal and child mortality 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 46 participants
  Moderate

Sildenafil vs IV nitroglycerin

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Sildenafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Sildenafil citrate showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (moderate certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.45 [0.9, 2.33]
  5 studies · 397 participants
  Moderate

Tadalafil vs Placebo or no active treatment

Tadalafil showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality compared with placebo or no therapy (low certainty).

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.7]
  1 study · 83 participants
  Low

Nitroglycerin vs Placebo or no active treatment

• Interventions affecting the nitric oxide pathway versus placebo or no therapy for fetal growth restriction in pregnancy 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in neonatal mortality (high certainty).

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  High

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found