Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

8 questions · 8 findings · 7 reviews · Airways

No studies found 1 · 12.5%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 3 · 37.5%Low 2 · 25%Moderate 2 · 25%High 0 · 0%

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Long‐acting beta2‐agonists showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Long‐acting beta₂‐agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.9 [0.75, 1.08]
23 studies · 14079 participants
Moderate

All‐cause mortalityÂ · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and > 10 pack years smoking history

It is very uncertain whether tiotropium changes mortality (all‐cause) compared with long‐acting beta‐agonists (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tiotropium versus long‐acting beta‐agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.82 [0.6, 1.13]
6 studies · 12123 participants
Very low

All‐cause mortality (deaths) Â · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes all‐cause mortality (deaths) Â compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mortality (all‐cause) · stable COPD

Triple therapy may leads to lower mortality (all‐cause) compared with LABA/LAMA combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether once‐daily ICS/LABA combined inhalers changes mortality (all‐cause) compared with once‐daily LAMA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Tiotropium + LABA/ICS combination showed no clear difference in mortality (all‐cause) compared with tiotropium (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

All‐cause mortality (3‐week to 1‐year · Adults with COPD

Once‐daily LABA/LAMA in a combined inhaler showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (3‐week to 1‐year compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review