Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

20 questions · 20 findings · 9 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 9 · 45%GRADE not reported 1 · 5%Very low 5 · 25%Low 4 · 20%Moderate 0 · 0%High 1 · 5%

Hypertonic saline 7% vs hypertonic saline

All‐cause mortality · children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs Normal saline

All‐cause mortality · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (during acute exacerbations of lung disease)

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 142 participants
Low

Hypertonic saline 3% to 7% vs Normal saline

All‐cause mortality · adults and children with cystic fibrosis (stable lung disease)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hypertonic saline vs Normal saline

All‐cause mortality · people with bronchiectasis

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled hyperosmolar agents for bronchiectasis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 113 participants
GRADE not reported

Hypertonic saline vs rhDNase with

All‐cause mortality · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hypertonic saline vs amiloride

All‐cause mortality · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hypertonic saline vs sodium‐2‐mercaptoethane sulphonate (Mistabron®)

All‐cause mortality · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hypertonic saline vs mannitol

All‐cause mortality · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hypertonic saline 7% vs xylitol

All‐cause mortality · adults with cystic fibrosis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Nebulised hypertonic saline for cystic fibrosis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hypertonic saline vs other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents

Mortality at 6 months · people with acute traumatic brain injury

It is very uncertain whether hypertonic saline changes mortality at 6 months compared with other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic saline versus other intracranial pressure–lowering agents for people with acute traumatic brain injury 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.84 [0.46, 1.55]
2 studies · 85 participants
Very low

Hypertonic saline vs other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents

Mortality (short‐term) · people with acute traumatic brain injury

It is very uncertain whether hypertonic saline changes mortality (short‐term) compared with other intracranial pressure‐lowering agents (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hypertonic saline versus other intracranial pressure–lowering agents for people with acute traumatic brain injury 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33
2 studies · 70 participants
Very low

Saline vs expectant management

Maternal death · management of retained placenta

1 finding from 1 review

Umbilical vein injection for management of retained placenta 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 87 participants
Very low

Heparin vs normal saline solution locking

All‐cause mortality · adults with CVCs

It is very uncertain whether heparin changes mortality compared with normal saline solution locking (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.44, 1.31]
3 studies · 1100 participants
Very low

Magnesium sulphate + epinephrine vs no treatment or normal saline + epinephrine

All‐cause mortality · children up to 12 months old with acute bronchiolitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Magnesium sulphate for treating acute bronchiolitis in children up to two years of age 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Magnesium sulphate vs hypertonic saline

All‐cause mortality · children up to 12 months old with acute bronchiolitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Magnesium sulphate for treating acute bronchiolitis in children up to two years of age 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Balanced crystalloid solutions vs Normal saline

Mortality (during hospitalization) · children with severe dehydration due to diarrhoea

It is very uncertain whether balanced crystalloid solutions changes mortality (during hospitalization) compared with 0.9% saline (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Balanced crystalloid solutions versus 0.9% saline for treating acute diarrhoea and severe dehydration in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.02, 7.39]
Studies not reported
Very low

Buffered solutions vs Normal saline

Overall mortality (in‐hospital death) · critically ill adults and children

1 finding from 1 review

Buffered solutions versus 0.9% saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
14 studies · 19664 participants
High

Oxytocin solution vs Normal saline

Maternal death · management of retained placenta

Oxytocin solution showed no clear difference in maternal mortality compared with saline solution (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Umbilical vein injection for management of retained placenta 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.93 [0.12, 71.59]
5 studies · 782 participants
Low

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma vs saline placebo

All‐cause mortality at day 28 · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin from human plasma showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality at day 28 compared with saline placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.43, 1.44]
Studies not reported
Low

RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies (EpAbs) vs saline placebo

All‐cause mortality (by day 28) · individuals with moderate or severe COVID‐19

RBD‐specific polyclonal F(ab') 2 fragments of equine antibodies… showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (by day 28) compared with saline placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID‐19 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.6 [0.26, 1.37]
1 study · 241 participants
Low