Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

12 questions · 14 findings · 5 reviews · Airways

No studies found 4 · 28.6%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 6 · 42.9%Low 3 · 21.4%Moderate 1 · 7.1%High 0 · 0%

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Self‐management interventions vs usual care

Respiratory‐related mortality · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Self‐management interventions showed no clear difference in respiratory‐related mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

2 findings from 2 reviews · compare the 2 reviews

Multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) vs usual care

Anti‐cytokine, all‐cause mortality ‐ uncertain risk of bias · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component interventions (with telehealth as a component of care) changes mortality (all‐cause) overall analysis compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Remote monitoring plus usual care vs usual care

Mortality (all‐cause) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether remote monitoring plus usual care changes mortality (all‐cause) compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review