What do systematic reviews say?

Interventions vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Interventions showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with placebo or no prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.1 [0.9, 1.34]
  19 studies · 2159 participants
  Low

Erythromycin plus nasogastric tube lavage vs no intervention/placebo plus nasogastric tube lavage

It is very uncertain whether erythromycin plus nasogastric tube lavage changes all‐cause mortality compared with no intervention/placebo plus nasogastric tube lavage (very low certainty).

• Erythromycin prior to endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 238 participants
  Very low

Enteral nutrition vs no intervention

Enteral nutrition may leads to lower all‐cause mortality compared with no intervention (low certainty).

• Enteral nutrition formulations for acute pancreatitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.5 [0.29, 0.86]
  4 studies · 511 participants
  Low

Erythromycin plus nasogastric tube lavage vs no intervention/placebo plus nasogastric tube lavage

• Erythromycin prior to endoscopy for acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes short‐term mortality (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for acute pancreatitis 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.81 [0.57, 1.15]
  17 studies · 1058 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for necrotising pancreatitis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Surgery vs conservative treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Endoscopic or surgical intervention for painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Proton pump inhibitors showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with placebo or no prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.6, 1.99]
  3 studies · 258 participants
  Low

Antacids vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Antacids showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with placebo or no prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.53, 1.96]
  2 studies · 300 participants
  Low

Sucralfate vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Sucralfate showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with placebo or no prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.66, 1.43]
  5 studies · 500 participants
  Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs proton pump inhibitors

H2 receptor antagonists showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with proton pump inhibitors (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.78, 1.19]
  12 studies · 1564 participants
  Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs antacids

It is very uncertain whether H2 receptor antagonists changes all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with antacids (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.01 [0.66, 1.55]
  11 studies · 1321 participants
  Very low

H2 receptor antagonists vs sucralfate

H2 receptor antagonists showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with sucralfate (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.95, 1.24]
  21 studies · 3178 participants
  Low

Antacids vs sucralfate

Antacids showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with sucralfate (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.15 [0.93, 1.4]
  11 studies · 1249 participants
  Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs placebo or no prophylaxis

H2 receptor antagonists showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality in ICU compared with placebo or no prophylaxis (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.12 [0.88, 1.42]
  14 studies · 1428 participants
  Low

Endoscopy vs surgery

• Endoscopic or surgical intervention for painful obstructive chronic pancreatitis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 179 participants
  Low