Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

71 questions · 73 findings · 29 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 12 · 16.4%GRADE not reported 8 · 11%Very low 16 · 21.9%Low 18 · 24.7%Moderate 13 · 17.8%High 6 · 8.2%

Antiplatelet agent vs control

Minor bleeding · people with chronic kidney disease (predialysis (GFR 15 to 60 mL/min/1.73 m²), HD, PD, transplant recipients)

Antiplatelet agents may leads to higher minor bleeding compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiplatelet agents for chronic kidney disease 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.55 [1.27, 1.9]
21 studies · 13218 participants
Low

Outpatient vs inpatient treatment

Minor bleeding · people with low‐risk acute pulmonary embolism

Outpatient showed no clear difference in minor bleeding compared with inpatient treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for acute pulmonary embolism 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.07, 16.79]
1 study · 106 participants
Low

Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis

Minor bleeding · ambulatory people with cancer without venous thromboembolism receiving systemic therapy

Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) prophylaxis showed no clear difference in minor bleeding compared with no prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anticoagulation in people with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.58 [0.55, 23.44]
3 studies · 1440 participants
Low

Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis

Minor bleeding · ambulatory people with cancer without venous thromboembolism receiving systemic therapy

Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) prophylaxis probably leads to higher minor bleeding compared with no prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral anticoagulation in people with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulation 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.14 [1.85, 5.32]
4 studies · 863 participants
Moderate

Fondaparinux vs heparin

Minor bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism

Fondaparinux showed no clear difference in minor bleeding compared with heparin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulation for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.53 [0.88, 2.66]
1 study · 477 participants
Moderate

Dalteparin vs tinzaparin

Minor bleeding · patients with the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer

Dalteparin showed no clear difference in minor bleeding compared with tinzaparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulation for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.3, 2.21]
1 study · 113 participants
Low

Interrupted vs uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy

Minor bleeding · adults with arrhythmias undergoing catheter ablation

It is very uncertain whether interrupted changes minor bleeding compared with uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interrupted versus uninterrupted anticoagulation therapy for catheter ablation in adults with arrhythmias 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.46, 2.22]
9 studies · 3843 participants
Very low

Aspirin vs low molecular weight heparin

Minor bleeding · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether aspirin (ASA) changes minor bleeding compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antithrombotic therapy for ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.42 [0.35, 5.78]
2 studies · 781 participants
Very low

Vitamin K antagonists vs low molecular weight heparin

Minor bleeding · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether vitamin K antagonist (VKA) changes minor bleeding compared with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antithrombotic therapy for ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.03, 3.17]
1 study · 439 participants
Very low

Aspirin vs direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC)

Minor bleeding · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether aspirin (ASA) changes minor bleeding compared with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antithrombotic therapy for ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5 [0.31, 79.94]
1 study · 8 participants
Very low

Aspirin vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Minor bleeding · ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents

It is very uncertain whether aspirin (ASA) changes minor bleeding compared with vitamin K antagonist (VKA) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antithrombotic therapy for ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 6 [0.73, 49.43]
1 study · 440 participants
Very low

Treatment of DVT at home vs treatment

Minor bleeding · participants with diagnosed DVT

Treatment of DVT at home showed no clear difference in minor bleeding compared with treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Home versus in‐patient treatment for deep vein thrombosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.29 [0.94, 1.78]
6 studies · 1708 participants
Low

Prophylactic LMWH vs placebo

Minor bleeding · people with ST of the leg

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Therapeutic LMWH vs placebo

Minor bleeding · people with ST of the leg

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

NSAIDs vs placebo

Minor bleeding · people with superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fondaparinux vs placebo

Minor bleeding · people with ST of the leg

Fondaparinux showed no clear difference in minor bleeding compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.49 [0.53, 4.17]
1 study · 2987 participants
Moderate

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis

Minor bleeding · patients with active cancer with venous thromboembolism

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis showed no clear difference in minor bleeding compared with vitamin K antagonist secondary prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.57, 1.23]
4 studies · 1055 participants
Low

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis vs Low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis

Minor bleeding · patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism

Direct oral anticoagulant secondary prophylaxis probably leads to higher minor bleeding compared with low molecular weight heparin secondary prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulation for the long‐term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.58 [1.15, 2.16]
5 studies · 2854 participants
Moderate

LMWH prophylaxis vs fondaparinux prophylaxis

Minor bleeding · People with cancer with perioperative thromboprophylaxis

LMWH prophylaxis showed no clear difference in minor Bleeding compared with fondaparinux prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulation for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.34, 2.05]
2 studies · 398 participants
Low

LMWH prophylaxis vs UFH

Minor bleeding · People with cancer with perioperative thromboprophylaxis

LMWH prophylaxis showed no clear difference in minor bleeding compared with UFH prophylaxis (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulation for perioperative thromboprophylaxis in people with cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.76, 1.33]
2 studies · 1194 participants
Moderate