What do systematic reviews say?

Humour‐based interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether humour‐based interventions changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with standard care (very low certainty).

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Risk ratio 0.38
  1 study · 66 participants
  Very low

Humour‐based interventions vs active control

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Mirtazapine adjunct vs placebo adjunct

Mirtazapine adjunct showed no clear difference in leaving the study early for any reason compared with placebo adjunct (moderate certainty).

• Mirtazapine adjunct for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.64, 1.66]
  9 studies · 310 participants
  Moderate

EMDR vs non‐TFCBT

It is very uncertain whether EMDR changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with non‐TFCBT (very low certainty).

• Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.37, 2.88]
  3 studies · 84 participants
  Very low

Non‐TFCBT vs all other therapies

• Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 31 participants
  Very low

Group TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

It is very uncertain whether group TFCBT changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with waitlist/Usual Care (very low certainty).

• Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.21 [0.94, 1.55]
  7 studies · 573 participants
  Very low

Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs Waitlist/Usual Care

It is very uncertain whether trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with waitlist/Usual Care (very low certainty).

• Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.64 [1.3, 2.06]
  33 studies · 1756 participants
  Very low

Group TFCBT vs non‐TFCBT

• Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 360 participants
  Very low

Group non‐TFCBT vs Waitlist/Usual Care

• Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 47 participants
  Very low

Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs non‐TFCBT

It is very uncertain whether trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with non‐TFCBT (very low certainty).

• Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.19 [0.71, 2]
  7 studies · 312 participants
  Very low

Trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy vs all other therapies

It is very uncertain whether trauma‐focused CBT/Exposure therapy changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with other therapies (very low certainty).

• Psychological therapies for chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.39 [1.01, 1.92]
  11 studies · 762 participants
  Very low

CBT plus standard care vs usual care

• Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care for persistent aggressive behaviour or agitation… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 184 participants
  Low

H2 receptor antagonists vs placebo

H2 antagonists showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: for any reason compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.07 [0.72, 1.57]
  2 studies · 189 participants
  Low

Monoamine modulators vs placebo

Monoamine modulators showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: for any reason compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.56, 1.94]
  3 studies · 115 participants
  Low

Topiramate vs placebo or no treatment

Topiramate showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: for any reason compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.85, 1.41]
  2 studies · 132 participants
  Low

Metformin vs placebo or no treatment

It is very uncertain whether metformin changes leaving the study early: for any reason compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for prevention of weight gain in people with schizophrenia 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.25, 4.13]
  4 studies · 137 participants
  Very low

GROUP PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY (GPT) + TAU vs TAU

It is very uncertain whether GROUP PSYCHOSOCIAL THERAPY (GPT) + TAU changes leaving the study early: For any reason compared with TAU (all short‐term) (very low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.43 [0.15, 1.28]
  1 study · 56 participants
  Very low

STRUCTURAL GROUP THERAPY (SGT) + TAU vs HANDICRAFT GROUP (HC) + TAU (all short‐term)

STRUCTURAL GROUP THERAPY (SGT) + TAU showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: For any reason compared with HANDICRAFT GROUP (HC) + TAU (all short‐term) (low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.25, 2]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Low

COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CRP) + PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAMME (PTP) vs PTP (all medium‐term)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

COMPUTER‐ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CACR) vs COMPUTER GAMES (CG, all short‐term)

It is very uncertain whether COMPUTER‐ASSISTED COGNITIVE REMEDIATION PROGRAMME (CACR) changes leaving the study early: For any reason compared with COMPUTER GAMES (CG, all short‐term) (very low certainty).

• Psychological interventions for psychosis in adolescents 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.33 [0.27, 20.09]
  1 study · 32 participants
  Very low