What do systematic reviews say?

RISPERIDONE vs PERHENAZINE ‒ long‐term data

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason compared with PERHENAZINE ‒ long‐term data (low certainty).

• Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.05 [0.92, 1.2]
  1 study · 281 participants
  Low

RISPERIDONE vs ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months)

RISPERIDONE showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: any reason compared with ZIPRASIDONE ‒ long‐term data (> 12 months) (low certainty).

• Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.85, 1.1]
  1 study · 240 participants
  Low

RISPERIDONE vs CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term

It is very uncertain whether RISPERIDONE changes leaving the study early ‒ any reason compared with CLOZAPINE ‐ all data short term (very low certainty).

• Risperidone versus other antipsychotics for people with severe mental illness and co‐occurring substance misuse 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.49 [0.1, 2.51]
  2 studies · 45 participants
  Very low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorpromazine

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride may leads to lower leaving the study early (any reason) compared with chlorpromazine (low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.36, 0.81]
  6 studies · 766 participants
  Low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs chlorprothixene

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes leaving the study early (any reason) compared with chlorprothixene (very low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.34, 2.93]
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs CLOZAPINE

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 407 participants
  Low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs haloperidol

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes leaving the study early (any reason) compared with haloperidol (very low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.72, 1.35]
  2 studies · 141 participants
  Very low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs sulpiride

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes leaving the study early (any reason) compared with sulpiride (very low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.07 [0.97, 4.4]
  1 study · 61 participants
  Very low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes leaving the study early (any reason) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.29 [0.01, 6.6]
  2 studies · 100 participants
  Very low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. THIOTHIXENE

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes leaving the study early (any reason) compared with thiothixene (very low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.57 [0.24, 1.35]
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs trifluoperazine

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 72 participants
  Very low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs zuclopenthixol depot

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes leaving the study early (any reason) compared with zuclopenthixol depot (very low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.95 [0.36, 10.58]
  1 study · 46 participants
  Very low

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) vs Zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer)

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride (Cis Z isomer) changes leaving the study early: Any reason compared with zuclopenthixol (Cis Z/Trans E isomer) (very low certainty).

• Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride for schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.15 [0.49, 9.41]
  4 studies · 140 participants
  Very low

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) vs HIGH DOSE (> 800 mg/day ‐ all medium term)

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) probably leads to lower leaving the study early ‐ any reason compared with HIGH DOSE (> 800 mg/day ‐ all medium term) (moderate certainty).

• Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.6 [0.4, 0.89]
  1 study · 416 participants
  Moderate

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) vs MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day)

CHLORPROMAZINE LOW DOSE (≤ 400 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ any reason compared with MEDIUM DOSE (401 mg/day to 800 mg/day) (moderate certainty).

• Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.06 [0.32, 3.55]
  2 studies · 70 participants
  Moderate

ASENAPINE vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether ASENAPINE changes leaving the study early ‐ any reason compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

• Asenapine versus placebo for schizophrenia 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.8, 1.04]
  5 studies · 1046 participants
  Very low

COMPARISON 1. ARIPIPRAZOLE vs CLOZAPINE

It is very uncertain whether COMPARISON 1. ARIPIPRAZOLE changes leaving the study early ‐ Any reason compared with CLOZAPINE (very low certainty).

• Aripiprazole versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.41 [0.46, 4.29]
  3 studies · 240 participants
  Very low

Humour‐based interventions vs usual care

It is very uncertain whether humour‐based interventions changes leaving the study early for any reason compared with standard care (very low certainty).

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  Risk ratio 0.38
  1 study · 66 participants
  Very low

Humour‐based interventions vs active control

• Humour‐based interventions for people with schizophrenia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Mirtazapine adjunct vs placebo adjunct

Mirtazapine adjunct showed no clear difference in leaving the study early for any reason compared with placebo adjunct (moderate certainty).

• Mirtazapine adjunct for people with schizophrenia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.03 [0.64, 1.66]
  9 studies · 310 participants
  Moderate