Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

44 questions · 45 findings · 18 reviews · Musculoskeletal

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No studies found 5 · 11.1%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 8 · 17.8%Low 17 · 37.8%Moderate 13 · 28.9%High 2 · 4.4%

Combination of manual therapy and exercise following joint distension vs sham ultrasound following joint distension

Function (change from baseline) Shoulder Pain and Disability Questionnaire (SPADI, 0‐100) (lower scores = better function)f · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

1 finding from 1 review

Manual therapy and exercise for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 148 participants
High

Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) plus exercise vs exercise

Function (change from baseline) Shoulder Disabilty Questionnaire 0‐100 (lower scores = better function) · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

1 finding from 1 review

Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 63 participants
Moderate

Low‐level laser therapy vs placebo

Function · patients with adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Electrotherapy modalities for adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Anti‐TNF discontinuation vs anti‐TNF continuation

Function · people with rheumatoid arthritis with low disease activity using a standard dose of anti‐TNF agents

1 finding from 1 review

Down‐titration and discontinuation strategies of tumour necrosis factor–blocking agents for rheumatoid arthritis in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1498 participants
Low

Anti‐TNF disease activity–guided dose tapering vs anti‐TNF continuation

Function · people with rheumatoid arthritis with low disease activity using a standard dose of anti‐TNF agents

1 finding from 1 review

Down‐titration and discontinuation strategies of tumour necrosis factor–blocking agents for rheumatoid arthritis in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 123 participants
Moderate

Anti‐TNF dose reduction vs anti‐TNF continuation

Function · people with rheumatoid arthritis with low disease activity using a standard dose of anti‐TNF agents

1 finding from 1 review

Down‐titration and discontinuation strategies of tumour necrosis factor–blocking agents for rheumatoid arthritis in… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 501 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Physical function (at study completion) WOMAC (self administered health status measure) from 0 to 68; lower scores mean better function · People with hip or knee osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity versus low‐intensity physical activity or exercise in people with hip or knee osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 310 participants
Low

Low‐dose colchicine vs NSAIDs

Function of target joint ‐ not measured · acute gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Colchicine for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐dose colchicine vs placebo

Function of target joint ‐ not measured · acute gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Colchicine for acute gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Function · people following primary uncemented THA

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Assistive devices, hip precautions, environmental modifications and training to prevent dislocation and improve… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

SMP vs attention control

Function—Self‐reported Multiple tools3. Scale from 0 to 68. Lower score is better. · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management education programmes for osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
574 participants
Low

SMP vs usual care

Function—Self‐reported Scale from 0 to 68. Lower score is better · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management education programmes for osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 2254 participants
Moderate

SMP vs information only

Function—Self‐reported Multiple tools3. Scale from 0 to 68. Lower score is better. · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management education programmes for osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
854 participants
Moderate

Oral NSAIDs vs glucocorticoid injection

Function/disability 10‐point Likert scale (lower score = less disability) · Adults with lateral elbow pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 105 participants
Low

Chondroitin with or without glucosamine vs placebo or control

Physical function · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Chondroitin for osteoarthritis 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1163 participants
Moderate

SMP vs non‐SMP intervention

Function—Self‐reported Multiple tools3. Scale from 0 to 68. Lower score is better. · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management education programmes for osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
216 participants
Moderate

Preoperative education vs usual care

Functional ability · patients with knee replacement surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative education for hip or knee replacement 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 109 participants
Low

Resistance training vs flexibility exercise

Multidimensional function FIQ Total Score. Scale 0‐100 (lower scores indicate greater health) · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 56 participants
Low

Resistance training vs control

Multidimensional function FIQ Total Score. Scale 0‐100 (lower scores indicate greater health) · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Resistance training vs aerobic exercise training

Multidimensional function FIQ Total Score. Scale 0‐100 (lower scores indicate greater health) · patients with fibromyalgia

1 finding from 1 review

Resistance exercise training for fibromyalgia 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Low